HIFU治疗下生物体焦域温度分布的研究与应用

高强度聚焦超声(HIFU)为无创治疗肿瘤带来了新的途径,本文对HIFU治疗下生物体焦域热分布和热传导模型的理论进行了初步的介绍,并在理论的指导下进行不同治疗剂量的实验研究,结果表明组织内具有热波传热效应,治疗时可以根据治疗剂量的需要选取不同的参数,以达到最佳治疗效果。     

Adipoparacrinology--vascular periadventitial adipose tissue (tunica adiposa) as an example

Human adipose tissue is partitioned into two large depots (subcutaneous and visceral), and many small depots associated with internal organs, e.g. heart, blood vessels, major lymph nodes, pancreas, prostate gland and ovaries. Since the adipose 'Big Bang' led to the discovery of leptin (Zhang, Proenca, Maffei, Barone, Leopold and Friedman, Nature 1994;372:425-32), adipose tissue has been seen not merely as a lipid store, but as a secretory - endocrine and paracrine - organ, particularly in the pathogenesis of a number of diseases. Accordingly, two major sub-fields of adipobiology have emerged, viz. adipoendocrinology and adipoparacrinology, the latter herein being illustrated by PAAT (periadventitial adipose tissue) in vascular walls. A long-standing paradigm holds that the vascular wall consists of three coats, tunica intima, tunica media and tunica adventitia. It is now imperative that 'to further elucidate vascular function, we should no longer, as hitherto, separate adventitia and PAAT from the vascular wall, but keep them attached and in place, and subject to thorough examination' (Chaldakov, Fiore, Ghenev, Stankulov and Aloe, Int Med J 2000;7:43-9; Chaldakov, Stankulov and Aloe, Atherosclerosis 2001;154:237-8; Chaldakov GN, Stankulov IS, Fiore M, Ghenev PI and Aloe L, Atherosclerosis 2001;159:57-66). From the available data, we propose that it is time to rethink about vascular wall composition, and suggest that the PAAT may be considered the fourth and outermost vascular coat, hence, tunica adiposa (regarding the proximal segment of coronary artery, it is the innermost part of the EAT (epicardial adipose tissue) situated around the coronary adventitia). Its significance in the pathogenesis and therapy of CMDs (cardiometabolic diseases), particularly atherosclerosis and hypertension, requires further basic, translational and clinical studies.     

慢性缺氧对大鼠肺内皮素表达的影响

本文以ＡＢＣ法和原位杂交技术,观察了慢性缺氧时大鼠肺组织内内皮素－１（ＥＴ－１）的表达情况,结果发现：①正常肺血管内皮细胞有少许ＥＴ－１样阳性染色物质呈现。②缺氧ＩＷ后,肺内ＥＴ－１含量增加,主要位于肺血管内皮细胞和支气管粘膜上皮细胞。③缺氧２Ｗ和３Ｗ后,ＥＴ１阳性免疫物质进一步增加,于肺泡细胞内也见到阳性染色。④缺氧１Ｗ后肺内ＥＴ－１ｍＲＮＡ表达增加,缺氧２Ｗ和３Ｗ后,ＥＴ－１ｍＲＮＡ的表达进一步加强。提示缺氧可刺激肺内ＥＴ－１ｍＲＮＡ的表达,慢性缺氧时肺内ＥＴ－１持续分泌增加,这可能是缺氧性肺动脉高压发生的重要因素之一。     

Circular RNA circABCC4 as the ceRNA of miR‐1182 facilitates prostate cancer progression by promoting FOXP4 expression

In recent years, circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been identified to be essential regulators of various human cancers. However, knowledge of the functions of circRNAs in prostate cancer remains very limited. The correlation between circABCC4 and human cancer is largely unknown. This study aims to investigate the biological functions of circABCC4 in prostate cancer progression and illustrate the underlying mechanism. We found that circABCC4 was remarkably up‐regulated in prostate cancer tissues and cell lines and promoted FOXP4 expression by sponging miR‐1182 in prostate cancer cells. CircABCC4 knockdown markedly suppressed prostate cancer cell proliferation, cell‐cycle progression, migration and invasion in vitro. Furthermore, silencing of the circRNA also delayed tumor growth in vivo. Taken together, our findings indicated that circABCC4 facilitates the malignant behaviour of prostate cancer by promoting FOXP4 expression through sponging of miR‐1182. The circABCC4–miR‐1182‐FOXP4 regulatory loop may be a promising therapeutic target for prostate cancer intervention.     

Metformin sensitizes insulin signaling through AMPK-mediated PTEN down-regulation in preadipocyte 3T3-L1 cells

Insulin resistance is the primary cause responsible for type 2 diabetes. Phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) plays a negative role in insulin signaling and its inhibition improves insulin sensitivity. Metformin is a widely used insulin-sensitizing drug; however, the mechanism by which metformin acts is poorly understood. To gain insight into the role of PTEN, we examined the effect of metformin on PTEN expression. Metformin suppressed the expression of PTEN in an AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)-dependent manner in preadipocyte 3T3-L1 cells. Knock-down of PTEN potentiated the increase in insulin-mediated phosphorylation of Akt/ERK. Metformin also increased the phosphorylation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)-c-Jun and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)-p70S6 kinase pathways. Both pharmacologic inhibition and knock-down of AMPK blocked metformin-induced phosphorylation of JNK and mTOR. Knock-down of AMPK recovered the metformin-induced PTEN down-regulation, suggesting the involvement of AMPK in PTEN regulation. PTEN promoter activity was suppressed by metformin and inhibition of mTOR and JNK by pharmacologic inhibitors blocked metformin-induced PTEN promoter activity suppression. These findings provide evidence for a novel role of AMPK on PTEN expression and thus suggest a possible mechanism by which metformin may contribute to its beneficial effects on insulin signaling.     

九州虫草-半枝莲发酵产物不同极性部位与其抗A549细胞增殖活性的相关性分析

建立九州虫草-半枝莲双向固体发酵产物不同极性部位的HPLC特征图谱,并考察与其抑制肺腺癌A549细胞增殖活性的相关性。采用双向固体发酵技术制备九州虫草-半枝莲发酵产物;溶剂萃取法获得发酵产物的不同极性部位,并运用HPLC法建立不同极性部位的特征图谱;MTT法考察不同极性部位对A549细胞的增殖抑制作用;偏最小二乘回归法分析不同极性部位HPLC色谱峰与其抗增殖作用的相关性。抗增殖试验结果表明,不同极性部位对A549细胞均具有增殖抑制作用并且呈浓度依赖性;标示的9个共有色谱峰与抗增殖活性均呈正相关,其中色谱峰8、4、1、2、9分别为木犀草素、黄芩苷、对香豆酸、野黄芩苷、黄芩素。本研究建立了不同极性部位的HPLC特征图谱,极性部位中以二氯甲烷部位对A549细胞的体外抗增殖作用最佳,并借助谱效相关初步探究了发酵产物抗A549细胞增殖的药效物质基础,为双向固体发酵技术应用于菌种与传统中药提供了参考。     

不同龄级速生杨人工林土壤微生物数量与养分动态变化

通过稀释平板法和常规化学分析法, 对伊犁河谷地区3种龄级(5年、10年、15年)的速生杨欧美黑杨(Populus × euramericana)人工林的土壤微生物数量、组成和土壤养分变化进行了研究。结果表明, 3种不同林龄林地土壤微生物集中分布在10-40 cm土层, 数量和种类组成随季节变化有明显差异。随着林龄的增长, 土壤微生物总数、细菌数量减少, 真菌和放线菌数量在10年生人工林最高, 这一规律随季节变化。三大类土壤微生物的组成比例相对稳定, 不随季节变化而变化。土壤有机碳、氮含量主要集中在0-20 cm土层, 随土壤深度的增加逐渐减少, 其含量及分布受季节和土壤深度不同程度的影响。土壤有机碳含量随林龄的增长而逐渐增高, 有机氮则先减后增。相关分析表明, 土壤微生物总数与土壤有机碳呈负相关, 真菌数量与土壤有机氮呈正相关。3种林地土壤有机C/N比与土壤细菌数量/真菌数量比例一致, 说明速生杨人工林在一定生长年龄内能提高土壤的固碳能力, 改善土壤肥力。     

植物内生菌增强植物对生物胁迫抗性的研究进展

植物在生长发育过程中因遭遇多种逆境的威胁而出现营养流失、产量大幅下降等问题，而使用传统的化学农药调控植物抗逆作用会对环境造成严重污染甚至危及人类健康，因此需要从天然成分中寻找合适的农药代替品。生活在每种植物体内的内生菌几乎都是植物微生态系统中的天然成分，因其特殊的生态位而可能对植物具有更加积极和直接的影响。然而目前，关于内生菌在提高宿主生物胁迫抗性等方面的作用机制还知之甚少。该文就植物内生菌的来源、多样性和对生物胁迫的抗性展开叙述。首先，总结了植物内生菌传播的主要方式，即水平传播和垂直传播；其次对内生菌种类的多样性以及在植物中的分布多样性进行了归纳与分析；最后，详细阐述了植物内生菌增强植物对生物胁迫应激耐受性(抗致病菌病害、抗虫害)的基本特点与作用机制，即植物内生菌可利用生态位竞争或营养位竞争产生的诱导抗性遏制病原菌感染，或合成抗生素类、生物碱类、几丁质类等次生代谢产物抑制病原菌或线虫的生长，从而防治病虫害。此外，基于内生菌增强植物生物胁迫抗性的研究现状进行了展望，为更加环保的生物防治制剂的开发与利用提供了参考。     

工程菌种自动化高通量编辑与筛选研究进展

合成生物学(synthetic biology)与经典生物学研究的革命性区别之一是合成生物学能将生物实验的对象、方法、技术和流程高度标准化和模块化,创建出自动化与高通量的合成生物铸造模式。该模式通过复杂生物过程与自动化设施的结合,颠覆过往劳动密集型的研究范式,获得更高的技术迭代能力,极大促进了合成生物学的发展和产业化应用。值此天津工业生物技术研究所创立10周年之际,本文回顾了研究所在工业菌种自动化高通量编辑与筛选领域的系列重要工作进展,对基因克隆(gene cloning)、基因组编辑(genome editing)、编辑序列设计(editing sequence design)等生物技术的自动化实现,以及流式细胞、液滴微流控、全基因组规模扰动测序等高通量筛选技术进行了分析讨论,并展望了本领域未来的发展方向。望借此为创建具有自主知识产权的优秀菌种及其产业应用提供智能化、自动化和全链条覆盖的整体支撑能力。