中国姬猎蝽属初志

姬猎蝽属(Nabis Latr.)是姬猎蝽科(Nabidae)中最大的一个属,广义的Nabis包括130多种,分为十数个亚属,现代若干学者认为这些亚属都应该提到属的地位。狭义的Nabis仍然是本科中最大的一个属,包括40—50种,分布于世界各个地区,并且包括各地区的一些习见种。 本属系中小型昆虫,身体长形,前端稍窄;体色灰黄暗淡,具一定的黑色斑纹;体毛短,有时不显著。头圆柱状,稍向前伸;眼大,位于头的两侧,远离前胸背板的前缘,单眼显著。触角细长,具长毛,第一节稍粗,一般第二节最长。喙第一节极短,长宽约相等。前胸背板     

硫酸盐还原菌与肠道疾病相关性的研究进展

硫酸盐还原菌(sulfate-reducing bacteria,SRB)是肠道菌群的重要组成成员之一。SRB在其增殖与新陈代谢过程中会产生硫化氢。现有研究显示,SRB的过度繁殖与炎症性肠病(inflammatory bowel disease,IBD)、肠易激综合征(irritable bowel syndrome,IBS)、乳糜泻(celiac disease,CLD)和结直肠癌(colorectal cancer,CRC)等密切相关,但目前尚无相关文献对SRB在肠道疾病中扮演的角色、致病机理和肠道微生态等研究进行系统性的综述。SRB在肠道疾病中的分布特征及其致病机制值得进一步总结与探讨。本文收集过去10年来发表的关于SRB与肠道疾病的文献并进行详细分析与归纳,对SRB在宿主肠道内的分布与生理特征、SRB在不同肠道疾病的相关分布特点,以及SRB致病机制的研究进展等方面进行详细论述,以期增加本领域研究人员对SRB的重视。同时,本文对未来如何深化SRB在肠道相关疾病的研究方向进行探讨,以期为SRB相关肠道疾病的预防与治疗提供一定参考。     

中国跷蝽科记述(半翅目:异翅亚目)

跷蝽科(Berytidae)是一个较小的科,已知约百余种,主要分布于非洲及印澳地区。体小型,狭长,触角及足细长,触角第一节及各足股节顶端膨大成棒状,触角第四节纺锤形。 本科在我国仅有纪录二种,一种是在台湾高雄发现的Metacanthus gibberosus Horvath,另一种是在甘肃发现的Metatropis denticollis Lindberg。现在在各地采集的标本中,又发现了13个种。其中包括十个新种和三个在我国的首次纪录。     

Renal Endosomal Phosphate (Pi) Transport in Normal and Diabetic Rats and Response to Chronic Pi Deprivation

Chronic renal adaptation to dietary deprivation of Pi is accompanied by increased Na⁺/Pi co-transport across the brush border membrane of the renal proximal tubule. The increased activity of this co-transport system depends on de novo protein synthesis and insulin. The present study used normal and diabetic rats to determine if the endosomal pool of Na⁺/Pi co-transporters was altered by Pi deprivation and the possible role of insulin. In response to 5 days of dietary Pi deprivation there was a significant increase in endosomal Na⁺/Pi co-transport in control rats but there was no change in diabetic rats. The increase in endosomal Pi uptake was restored in diabetic rats treated with exogenous insulin. Na⁺/Pi-independent Pi uptake and proline uptake remained unchanged in all groups. The changes in endosomal Na⁺/Pi co-transport correlated with the abundance of the specific Na⁺/Pi co-transporter protein, as determined by Western blots. The pattern of endosomal changes paralleled that observed in brush border membranes. One possibility consistent with these findings is that the endosomal fraction contains newly synthesized Na⁺/Pi co-transporters targeted for delivery to the apical brush border membrane. Increased synthesis and delivery is required to maintain the adaptation to chronic Pi deprivation. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

中国光猎蝽亚科新种记述(半翅目:猎蝽科)

本文根据国内采得的标本,记述了光猎蝽亚科的2个新属和14个新种,配制了一个中国光猎蝽亚科的属检索表。`Parascadra``和`Bayerus``两属是我国新纪录。`Haematoloecha,Scadra``和`Ectrychotes``三属各有一个种检索表。     

Population genetic structure of Yushania niitakayamensis (Bambusoideae, Poaceae) in Taiwan

Yushania niitakayamensis is distributed in Taiwan, south-west China and northern Philippines. In Taiwan, the species occurs in the central mountain ranges from 1500 to 3500 m in altitude. Morphological variation, especially in terms of plant height, is large, with plants ranging from 10 cm to 5 m in height. The species appears to spread mainly by rhizomes and flowers rarely, leading to the prediction that most populations are comprised of a single or a few clonal genotypes and that the observed morphological variation is primarily due to phenotypic plasticity. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the genetic structure of this species on Mt Hohuan in central Taiwan. Ten plants from a single clone and ten plants of unknown genetic background were surveyed at one site in order to select RAPD primers useful for clone identification. Plants at a second site were collected at 1-m intervals across a 50-m transect through the population. Plants at one extreme (exposed portion) of the transect were approximately 15–30 cm in height, whereas plants up to 410 cm in height were found at the other shaded end of the transect. Comparison of amplification profiles for 12 primers revealed that in contrast to our predictions of genetic uniformity, many samples had reproducibly different RAPD amplification profiles, with the 51 samples representing 31 clones. These data imply that the clone size is relatively small, and the population is actually highly diverse genetically. The genetic variation in this population may be due to a higher frequency of sexual reproduction during the evolutionary history of the species and/or a high somatic mutation rate for RAPD loci in clones of Yushania.     

伊蚊一新种——新疆伊蚊

本新种发现于新疆阿克苏地区的荒漠地带,今将其成虫、幼虫记述于后。 雄蚊 淡黄色(强烈日光下呈乳白色)中型蚊种,翅长平均5毫米。 头部:头顶中部有白色窄曲鳞形成的白鳞区;该区之前有一束向前倒伏的细长白鳞束;眼后缘密布暗色叉状鳞;喙均被白鳞覆盖,有时基部混有少数暗鳞,唇瓣暗色;喙长约达触须第Ⅳ节末端,并明显地较各腿股节长。触须淡色,全长被有白鳞,有时混有少数几枚暗鳞,第Ⅲ节末端及第Ⅳ节,Ⅴ节有长毛丛。触角淡黄色,较喙稍短,其长约达触须第Ⅳ节的1/2处,转节无鳞。     

中国姬猎蝽新种记述(半翅目,姬猎蝽科)

姬猎蝽(Nabidae)是半翅目中的一个小科,从前人们把它作为猎蝽科的一个亚科;由于它们的喙显然是四节,以后又把它单独的列为一科。近年来的研究表明:本科的系统地位是在猎蝽总科和臭虫总科之间,并且更近于臭虫总科。 这科的种类多为捕食性,捕食各种较小的昆虫,所以是田间的一类益虫。 本科在我国已有记载的种类不多,胡经甫氏(1935)的中国昆虫名录中列举了8种,没有包括台湾的种类。在台湾共发现8种:Alloeorhynchus vinulus Stal(Reuter et Poppius,     

Effects of Repetitive Drying, Acid Immersion, and Red Light Treatments on Phytochrome- and Gibberellin A3-mediated Germination of Skotodormant Lettuce Seeds

Ten-30 d imbibed skotodormant lettuce seeds (Lactuca sativaL. cv. Grand Rapids) showed no germination with water alone.However, following a single treatment of red light (R), gibberellinA₃ (GA₃) or 1 h acid immersion (pH 0–1) plus water rinse,7% germinated. These imbibed skotodormant seeds germinated 85%or higher if acid immersion was carried out before R or GA₃.Similar values were obtained with imbibed skotodormant seedsunder acid immersion plus drying treatment applied at day 10or 20 plus R or GA3 treatment applied 10 d later. One or twodrying treatments alone reduced the degree of skotodormancyand made seeds more responsive to R but not GA₃. Seeds withone R plus drying treatment at day 10 or 20 germinated about50% with or without an additional R, and 80% or more with GA₃on day 20 or 30. The 20 or 30 d skotodormant seeds having R(with or without drying) or acid plus R and drying treatmenton day 10 or 20 and additional dark incubation in water for10d showed 85 to 100% germination with only acid immersion.The skotodormancy was eliminated by the acid immersion but itwas initiated again if R or GA₃ treatment was not given immediately.It is concluded that the drying treatment, after eliminationof skotodormancy by acid or acid + R pretreatment, preventsthese seeds re-entering skotodormancy and maintains a high germinationpotential under dark storage for up to 20 d. Key words: Dark reversion of phytochrome, gibberellin A₃, acidification, skotodormancy, induction and breakage of seed dormancy