全文获取类型
收费全文 | 247篇 |
免费 | 26篇 |
国内免费 | 1篇 |
出版年
2015年 | 3篇 |
2012年 | 3篇 |
2011年 | 3篇 |
2009年 | 7篇 |
2007年 | 5篇 |
2005年 | 4篇 |
2004年 | 3篇 |
2003年 | 3篇 |
1998年 | 5篇 |
1997年 | 10篇 |
1996年 | 6篇 |
1995年 | 7篇 |
1994年 | 4篇 |
1992年 | 5篇 |
1991年 | 5篇 |
1987年 | 5篇 |
1986年 | 3篇 |
1985年 | 3篇 |
1984年 | 7篇 |
1983年 | 4篇 |
1981年 | 3篇 |
1980年 | 6篇 |
1979年 | 5篇 |
1978年 | 5篇 |
1977年 | 5篇 |
1976年 | 6篇 |
1975年 | 2篇 |
1974年 | 2篇 |
1973年 | 3篇 |
1972年 | 3篇 |
1971年 | 5篇 |
1970年 | 3篇 |
1969年 | 7篇 |
1968年 | 2篇 |
1963年 | 2篇 |
1961年 | 2篇 |
1960年 | 2篇 |
1959年 | 6篇 |
1958年 | 7篇 |
1957年 | 6篇 |
1956年 | 9篇 |
1955年 | 10篇 |
1954年 | 10篇 |
1953年 | 5篇 |
1952年 | 10篇 |
1951年 | 8篇 |
1950年 | 13篇 |
1949年 | 2篇 |
1948年 | 3篇 |
1936年 | 2篇 |
排序方式: 共有274条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
31.
1. Algal growth in lotic systems is controlled either from the bottom‐up (e.g. nutrients and light, which determine growth rates) or from the top‐down (e.g. grazing pressure, which reduces accumulated biomass). Nutrient‐enriched streams that support large and diverse grazing macroinvertebrate populations and those with shaded riparian corridors rarely suffer from excessive algal growth. 2. In this study, the density of benthic algivorous macroinvertebrates was experimentally manipulated in shaded and open nutrient‐enriched stream habitats of the Owennagearagh River, south‐west Ireland. The ability of macroinvertebrate grazers and riparian shade to control benthic algal growth [particularly the nuisance alga, Cladophora glomerata (L. Kütz)] was investigated. Three sites with markedly different concentrations of plant nutrients (one site upstream and two sites downstream of the sewage outfall) were selected. The density of grazing invertebrates colonising ceramic tiles was reduced using high‐voltage localised electric pulses. Replicates of treatment (grazer‐excluded) and control (grazed) tiles were deployed in open and shaded (<25 and >80% canopy cover, respectively) patches of stream bed, in each site. 3. After 2‐week Cladophora cover, periphytic chlorophyll a and biofilm ash‐free dry mass (AFDM) were quantified for all experimental tiles. Values for all three parameters were highest on grazer‐excluded tiles from open patches. Grazed tiles from open patches accrued little Cladophora and had significantly lower levels of chlorophyll a and AFDM. Nutrient inputs were found to have an impact on the density of grazing invertebrates, with higher densities of Baetis nymphs at the most nutrient‐enriched site. 4. Our results demonstrate that in eutrophic, high‐light streams, filamentous algae can quickly accumulate to nuisance levels in the absence of invertebrate grazers. In future, greater attention should be paid to the role of grazing invertebrates in controlling nuisance algae in streams, in addition to algal–nutrient relationships. 相似文献
32.
Cytogenetic evidence for a complex of species within the taxon Anopheles maculatus (Diptera: Culicidae) 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
C. A. GREEN V. BAIMAI B. A. HARRISON R. G. ANDRE 《Biological journal of the Linnean Society. Linnean Society of London》1985,24(4):321-328
Two largely independent studies of chromosomes from natural populations of Anopheles maculatus provide evidence for several genetic species within the taxon. (1) Polytene chromosome variation shows four different rearrangements of arm 2 and three rearrangements of the X chromosome. There is strong evidence for three species. Two allopatric populations represent either dramatic geographic variation for two independent inversion systems within one of the genetic species, or represent two additional species. Their species status remains unresolved by this work. (2) Heterochromatic variation occurs in both X and Y chromosomes as revealed by Giemsa-banding of mitotic chromosomes from larval brains. The distribution and association of these various sex chromosomes give further evidence of a species complex. A preliminary correlation of these two kinds of chromosomal variation is given. 相似文献
33.
34.
Abstract.
- 1 Outbreaks of tussock moths (Orygia verusta Bdv.) on bush lupines (Lupinus arboreus Sims) may be very intense, although spatially localized, and may last >10 years. To understand better how such outbreaks may persist, we defoliated lupine bushes using variable realistic numbers of tussock moth larvae, and measured the immediate and delayed impacts of defoliation on the growth and seed production of lupine bushes.
- 2 Immediate effects of defoliation included the production of new leaves that were significantly smaller in diameter and biomass, and lower in water content, than the new leaves of undamaged bushes. Also, seed output was reduced by up to 80% on heavily damaged bushes.
- 3 In the longer term, surviving bushes recovered remarkably well, despite having received the full range of possible (survivable) insect densities. After 1 or 2 years’rapid growth, surviving bushes were not affected in terms of height, basal stem diameter or volume by their previous defoliation. However, there was a significant tendency for juvenile bushes to produce more seeds the more heavily they had been attacked the previous year.
- 4 The ability of the host plant to recover, in terms of its biomass, helps to explain the sustained nature of the insect outbreak.
35.
Role of a novel type of double infection in the geminivirus-induced epidemic of severe cassava mosaic in Uganda 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
B D HARRISON X. ZHOU G W OTIM-NAPE Y. LIU D J ROBINSON 《The Annals of applied biology》1997,131(3):437-448
To study the cause of the current epidemic of severe mosaic in Ugandan cassava, PCR analysis was used to detect and identify African cassava mosaic virus (ACMV), East African cassava mosaic virus (EACMV) and the recently reported recombinant geminivirus (UgV), which is derived from ACMV and EACMV, in leaf extracts from cassava plants grown from cuttings in the glasshouse at Dundee. The cuttings were collected from plants showing symptoms of different severities and growing at different sites in Uganda inside, at the periphery of, and outside, the area affected by the epidemic. ACMV occurred throughout the nine districts sampled but UgV was detected only in the area affected by the epidemic. EACMV was not found in Uganda. Most plants containing ACMV alone expressed mild or moderate mosaic, whereas very severe mosaic developed in most plants containing UgV plus ACMV and a few of those containing UgV only. Very severe mosaic in cassava from southern Sudan was likewise associated with co-infection by UgV and ACMV. The very severe disease was reproduced by graft-inoculating geminivirus-free cassava with UgV plus ACMV; plants inoculated with either UgV or ACMV developed severe or moderate symptoms, respectively. Unlike ACMV, Malawian EACMV did not enhance the severity of symptoms induced by UgV. However, a very severely affected plant from Ukerewe Island, Tanzania, contained ACMV and EACMV but not UgV. UgV attained a much greater concentration in cassava than did ACMV but the opposite occurred in Nicotiana benthamiana. In neither host was total virus antigen concentration affected by co-infection. Factors affecting the genesis, selection and spread of UgV are discussed. The evidence indicates that UgV is probably of relatively recent origin, that such variants do not appear often, and that the current epidemic has resulted from the rapid spread of UgV to infect plants and to invade regions in which ACMV already occurred. The novel type of virus complex so produced, consisting of an interspecific recombinant virus (UgV) and one of its parents (ACMV), typically has even more severe effects than UgV alone. 相似文献
36.
37.
Lipid and Protein Arrangement in Bacteriophage PM2 总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11
S. C. HARRISON D. L. D. CASPAR R. D. CAMERINI-OTERO R. M. FRANKLIN 《Nature: New biology》1971,229(7):197-201
X-ray structure analysis shows that the lipid of bacteriophage PM2 is organized in a bilayer. These results provide a basis for interpreting electron micrographs of the virus in molecular terms. 相似文献
38.
The production of toxins by Botrytis fabae in relation to growth of lesions on field bean leaves at different humidities 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
J. G. HARRISON 《The Annals of applied biology》1980,95(1):63-71
Filtrate extracts from liquid cultures of B. fabae and extracts from spreading chocolate spot lesions contained at least two heat-stable, light-labile phytotoxic compounds. Lesions similar in appearance to those of chocolate spot developed after injection of fractions containing these compounds into healthy bean leaves. Of 15 plant species injected with an extract from lesions, Vicia faba appeared to be the most susceptible to damage. Evidence is presented to support the hypothesis that under conditions of low humidity the concentrations of toxic compounds in an infected leaf become high enough to kill healthy cells surrounding infected tissue. The dead tissue then dries out preventing further fungal growth and lesion spread. In saturated air, however, the toxic compounds diffuse throughout the lamina and become too dilute to kill uninfected tissue. Tissue does not become desiccated and the fungus continues to spread. 相似文献
39.
The species of coliform bacterium predominant on fresh grass was found to be a capsulated type growing well at 30o C. but unable to grow at 37o C. For this reason it will not be detected by the presumptive test in bile salt-lactose broth at 37o C. The name Bacillus (Aerebacter) aerogenes graminis is proposed for this species.
It is possible that conforms of the above type contribute to a small extent to the initial fermentation of the silage. Those coliforms giving the presumptive test at 37o C. were found in such small numbers in the silage investigated that their influence was concluded to be negligible.
This work forms part of some research carried out under grant from the Research Council of Imperial Chemical Industries, Ltd., to whom the authors wish to make due acknowledgement. Valuable help was also received from Dr S. J. Watson, who supplied samples of grass and silage- 相似文献
It is possible that conforms of the above type contribute to a small extent to the initial fermentation of the silage. Those coliforms giving the presumptive test at 37
This work forms part of some research carried out under grant from the Research Council of Imperial Chemical Industries, Ltd., to whom the authors wish to make due acknowledgement. Valuable help was also received from Dr S. J. Watson, who supplied samples of grass and silage- 相似文献
40.
Detection of three whitefly-transmitted geminiviruses occurring in Europe by tests with heterologous monoclonal antibodies 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Selected monoclonal antibodies (MAbs), prepared to particles of African cassava mosaic or Indian cassava mosaic geminiviruses, detected three geminiviruses that occur in Europe: abutilon mosaic virus in Abutilon pictum ‘Thompsonii’, tobacco leaf curl virus in Lonicera japonica var. aureo-reticulata and tomato yellow leaf curl virus in Lycopersicon esculentum. All three viruses were detected in indirect ELISA by MAbs SCR 17 and SCR 20 but they were differentiated by their reactions with SCR 18 and SCR 23. Tobacco leaf curl virus was detected only when reducing agents were included in the leaf extraction medium. Inclusion of sodium sulphite slightly improved detection of tomato yellow leaf curl virus but reducing agents were not needed for detection of abutilon mosaic virus. 相似文献