Control of Ca2+ efflux and cyclic AMP by 5-hydroxytryptamine and dopamine in abalone gill.

5-Hydroxytrptamine increased the rate of Ca²⁺ efflux and the concentration of endogenous cyclic AMP in abalone gill in both 10 mM and 50 mM CaCl₂ concentrations externally. Dopamine decreased the rate of Ca²⁺ efflux in 50 mM CaCl₂ but slightly increased the efflux rate in 10 mM CaCl₂. At both external Ca²⁺ concentrations, dopamine increased the endogenous cyclic AMP concentration in the gill. 5-Hydroxytryptamine but not dopamine was found to activate adenylate cyclase in broken cell preparations of abalone gill. Cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase activity was also demonstrated in homogenate fractions of abalone gill. It is suggested that both Ca²⁺ and cyclic AMP act as second messengers in the response of abalone gill to 5-hydroxytryptamine and dopamine.     

Controlling the sugar beet fly Pegomyia mixta Vill. with entomopathogenic nematodes

Sugar beet, Beta vulgaris L. is a strategic crop of sugar industry in Egypt. It is threatened by several insect pests among most important of them is the beet fly Pegomyia mixta. This work deals with the biological control of this insect using four entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs). The nematodes included Steinernema carpocapsae S2, Steinernema feltiae, Heterorhabditis bacteriophora (HB1-3) and Heterorhabditis bacteriophora S1. Daily mortality of larvae and pupae of P. mixta were recorded after treatment with serial concentrations (500, 1000, 2000 and 4000 infective juveniles (IJs)/ml) of each of four studied EPNs. In the laboratory all tested nematodes killed the larvae inside their mines in the sugar beet leaves and developed in their bodies in different extends. They also killed the insect pupae in the soil and developed in their bodies. Young larvae were more susceptible than old ones. New pupae were more susceptible than old ones. In the field a single spray of S. feltiae or H. bacteriophora caused 81.3 or 75.9% reduction in the larval population of the in sugar beet leaves.     

2,4-Diamino-quinazolines as inhibitors of β-catenin/Tcf-4 pathway: Potential treatment for colorectal cancer

The synthesis and SAR of a series of 2,4-diamino-quinazoline derivatives as β-catenin/Tcf-4 inhibitors are described. This series was developed by modifying the initial lead 1, which was identified by screening of our compound library and found to inhibit the β-catenin/Tcf-4 pathway. Replacement of the biphenyl moiety in compound 1 with the N-phenylpiperidine-4-carboxamide chain as in 2, resulted in a number of new analogues, which are potent inhibitors of the β-catenin/Tcf-4 pathway. Compound such as 16k exhibited good cellular potency, solubility, metabolic stability and oral bioavailability.     

Metformin and/or low dose radiation reduces cardiotoxicity and apoptosis induced by cyclophosphamide through SIRT-1/SOD and BAX/Bcl-2 pathways in rats

Molecular Biology Reports - Cyclophosphamide (CP) is a nitrogen mustard alkylating agent with effective antineoplastic, immunomodulatory and immunosuppressive properties. Despite its vast...     

Assessment of Changes in Some Biochemical Traits and Proteomic Profile of UCB-1 Pistachio Rootstock Leaf under Salinity Stress

Journal of Plant Growth Regulation - University of California at Berkeley I or UCB-1 pistachio rootstock is propagated from the cross between Pistacia integerrima male × Pistacia...