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121.
Pollen in unopened flowers of most species is totally screened from solar ultraviolet-B radiation by imbricated petals that are largely opaque to UV-B. Following flower opening but before anther dehiscence, the anther walls of the species investigated filter out over 98% of the UV-B radiation. Reflectance of UV from corollas of open flowers does not generally appear to add significantly to the solar UV-B radiation environment of pollen. 相似文献
122.
123.
Active Nercc1 protein kinase concentrates at centrosomes early in mitosis and is necessary for proper spindle assembly 下载免费PDF全文
The Nercc1 protein kinase autoactivates in vitro and is activated in vivo during mitosis. Autoactivation in vitro requires phosphorylation of the activation loop at threonine 210. Mitotic activation of Nercc1 in mammalian cells is accompanied by Thr210 phosphorylation and involves a small fraction of total Nercc1. Mammalian Nercc1 coimmunoprecipitates gamma-tubulin and the activated Nercc1 polypeptides localize to the centrosomes and spindle poles during early mitosis, suggesting that active Nercc has important functions at the microtubular organizing center during cell division. To test this hypothesis, we characterized the Xenopus Nercc1 orthologue (XNercc). XNercc endogenous to meiotic egg extracts coprecipitates a multiprotein complex that contains gamma-tubulin and several components of the gamma-tubulin ring complex and localizes to the poles of spindles formed in vitro. Reciprocally, immunoprecipitates of the gamma-tubulin ring complex polypeptide Xgrip109 contain XNercc. Immunodepletion of XNercc from egg extracts results in delayed spindle assembly, fewer bipolar spindles, and the appearance of aberrant microtubule structures, aberrations corrected by addition of purified recombinant XNercc. XNercc immunodepletion also slows aster assembly induced by Ran-GTP, producing Ran-asters of abnormal size and morphology. Thus, Nercc1 contributes to both the centrosomal and the chromatin/Ran pathways that collaborate in the organization of a bipolar spindle. 相似文献
124.
Kreusch A Han S Brinker A Zhou V Choi HS He Y Lesley SA Caldwell J Gu XJ 《Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters》2005,15(5):1475-1478
A series of dihydroxyphenylpyrazole compounds were identified as a unique class of reversible Hsp90 inhibitors. The crystal structures for two of the identified compounds complexed with the N-terminal ATP binding domain of human Hsp90alpha were determined. The dihydroxyphenyl ring of the compounds fits deeply into the adenine binding pocket with the C2 hydroxyl group forming a direct hydrogen bond with the side chain of Asp93. The pyrazole ring forms hydrogen bonds to the backbone carbonyl of Gly97, the hydroxyl group of Thr184 and to a water molecule, which is present in all of the published HSP90 structures. One of the identified compounds (G3130) demonstrated cellular activities (in Her-2 degradation and activation of Hsp70 promoter) consistent with the inhibition of cellular Hsp90 functions. 相似文献
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126.
AB Chang NC Cox J Purcell JM Marchant PJ Lewindon GJ Cleghorn LC Ee GD Withers MK Patrick J Faoagali 《Respiratory research》2005,6(1):1-5
Background and methods
Human metapneumovirus (hMPV) is a recently discovered respiratory virus associated with bronchiolitis, pneumonia, croup and exacerbations of asthma. Since respiratory viruses are frequently detected in patients with acute exacerbations of COPD (AE-COPD) it was our aim to investigate the frequency of hMPV detection in a prospective cohort of hospitalized patients with AE-COPD compared to patients with stable COPD and to smokers without by means of quantitative real-time RT-PCR.Results
We analysed nasal lavage and induced sputum of 130 patients with AE-COPD, 65 patients with stable COPD and 34 smokers without COPD. HMPV was detected in 3/130 (2.3%) AE-COPD patients with a mean of 6.5 × 105 viral copies/ml in nasal lavage and 1.88 × 105 viral copies/ml in induced sputum. It was not found in patients with stable COPD or smokers without COPD.Conclusion
HMPV is only found in a very small number of patients with AE-COPD. However it should be considered as a further possible viral trigger of AE-COPD because asymptomatic carriage is unlikely. 相似文献127.
128.
Haringman JJ Vinkenoog M Gerlag DM Smeets TJ Zwinderman AH Tak PP 《Arthritis research & therapy》2005,7(4):R862-R867
Analysis of biomarkers in synovial tissue is increasingly used in the evaluation of new targeted therapies for patients with
rheumatoid arthritis (RA). This study determined the intrarater and inter-rater reliability of digital image analysis (DIA)
of synovial biopsies from RA patients participating in clinical trials. Arthroscopic synovial biopsies were obtained before
and after treatment from 19 RA patients participating in a randomized controlled trial with prednisolone. Immunohistochemistry
was used to detect CD3+ T cells, CD38+ plasma cells and CD68+ macrophages. The mean change in positive cells per square millimetre for each marker was determined by different operators
and at different times using DIA. Nonparametric tests were used to determine differences between observers and assessments,
and to determine changes after treatment. The intraclass correlations (ICCs) were calculated to determine the intrarater and
inter-rater reliability. Intrarater ICCs showed good reliability for measuring changes in T lymphocytes (R = 0.87), plasma
cells (R = 0.62) and macrophages (R = 0.73). Analysis by Bland–Altman plots showed no systemic differences between measurements.
The smallest detectable changes were calculated and their discriminatory power revealed good response in the prednisolone
group compared with the placebo group. Similarly, inter-rater ICCs also revealed good reliability for measuring T lymphocytes
(R = 0.68), plasma cells (R = 0.69) and macrophages (R = 0.72). All measurements identified the same cell types as changing
significantly in the treated patients compared with the placebo group. The measurement of change in total positive cell numbers
in synovial tissue can be determined reproducibly for various cell types by DIA in RA clinical trials. 相似文献
129.
Sequencing was used to investigate the origin of the D genome of the allopolyploid species Triticum aestivum and Aegilops cylindrica. A 247-bp region of the wheat D-genome Xwye838 locus, encoding ADP-glucopyrophosphorylase, and a 326-bp region of the wheat D-genome Gss locus, encoding granule-bound starch synthase, were sequenced in a total 564 lines of hexaploid wheat (T. aestivum, genome AABBDD) involving all its subspecies and 203 lines of Aegilops tauschii, the diploid source of the wheat D genome. In Ae. tauschii, two SNP variants were detected at the Xwye838 locus and 11 haplotypes at the Gss locus. Two haplotypes with contrasting frequencies were found at each locus in wheat. Both wheat Xwye838 variants, but only one of the Gss haplotypes seen in wheat, were found among the Ae. tauschii lines. The other wheat Gss haplotype was not found in either Ae. tauschii or 70 lines of tetraploid Ae. cylindrica (genomes CCDD), which is known to hybridize with wheat. It is concluded that both T. aestivum and Ae. cylindrica originated recurrently, with at least two genetically distinct progenitors contributing to the formation of the D genome in both species. 相似文献
130.