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101.
In order to identify novel genes enriched in adult heart, we performed a subtractive hybridization for genes expressed in mouse heart but not in skeletal muscle. We identified two alternative splicing variants of a novel PDZ-LIM domain protein, which we named Oracle. Both variants contain a PDZ domain at the amino-terminus and three LIM domains at the carboxy-terminus. Highest homology of Oracle was found with the human and rat enigma proteins in the PDZ domain (62 and 61%, respectively) and in the LIM domains (60 and 69%, respectively). By Northern hybridization analysis, we showed that expression is highest in adult mouse heart, low in skeletal muscle and undetectable in other adult mouse tissues. In situ hybridization in mouse embryos confirmed and extended these data by showing high expression of Oracle mRNA in atrial and ventricular myocardial cells from E8.5. From E9.5 low expression of Oracle mRNA was detectable in myotomes. These data suggest a role for Oracle in the early development and function of heart and skeletal muscle. 相似文献
102.
Cross-hybridizing snake satellite, Drosophila, and mouse DNA sequences may have arisen independently 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Previous reports have interpreted hybridization between snake satellite DNA
and DNA clones from a variety of distant taxonomic groups as evidence for
evolutionary conservation, which implies common ancestry (homology) and/or
convergence (analogy) to produce the cross- hybridizing sequences. We have
isolated 11 clones from a genomic library of Drosophila melanogaster, using
a cloned 2.5-kb snake satellite probe of known nucleotide sequence. We have
also analysed published sequence data from snakes, mice, and Drosophila.
These data show that (1) all of the cross-hybridization between the snake,
fly, and mouse clones can be accounted for by the presence of either of two
tandem repeats, [GATA]n and [GACA]n and (2) these tandem repeats are
organized differently among the different species. We find no evidence that
these sequences are homologous apart from the existence of the simple
repeat itself, although their divergence from a common ancestral sequence
cannot be ruled out. The sequences contain a variety of homogeneous
clusters of tandem repeats of CATA, GA, TA, and CA, as well as GATA and
GACA. We suggest that these motifs may have arisen by a self-accelerating
process involving slipped-strand mispairing of DNA. Homogeneity of the
clusters might simply be the result of a rate of accumulation of tandem
repeats that exceeds that of other mutations.
相似文献
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Asensio JL; Canada FJ; Bruix M; Gonzalez C; Khiar N; Rodriguez-Romero A; Jimenez-Barbero J 《Glycobiology》1998,8(6):569-577
The specific interaction of hevein with GlcNAc-containing oligosaccharides
has been analyzed by1H-NMR spectroscopy. The association constants for the
binding of hevein to a variety of ligands have been estimated from1H-NMR
titration experiments. The association constants increase in the order
GlcNAc-alpha(1-->6)-Man < GlcNAc < benzyl-beta-GlcNAc <
p-nitrophenyl-beta-GlcNAc < chitobiose < p-
nitrophenyl-beta-chitobioside < methyl-beta-chitobioside <
chitotriose. Entropy and enthalpy of binding for different complexes have
been obtained from van't Hoff analysis. The driving force for the binding
process is provided by a negative DeltaH0which is partially compensated by
negative DeltaS0. These negative signs indicate that hydrogen bonding and
van der Waals forces are the major interactions stabilizing the complex.
NOESY NMR experiments in water solution provided 475 accurate protein
proton-proton distance constraints after employing the MARDIGRAS program.
In addition, 15 unambiguous protein/carbohydrate NOEs were detected. All
the experimental constraints were used in a refinement protocol including
restrained molecular dynamics in order to determine the highly refined
solution conformation of this protein- carbohydrate complex. With regard to
the NMR structure of the free protein, no important changes in the protein
nOe's were observed, indicating that carbohydrate-induced conformational
changes are small. The average backbone rmsd of the 20 refined structures
was 0.055 nm, while the heavy atom rmsd was 0.116 nm. It can be deduced
that both hydrogen bonds and van der Waals contacts confer stability to the
complex. A comparison of the three-dimensional structure of hevein in
solution to those reported for wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) and hevein
itself in the solid state has also been performed. The polypeptide
conformation has also been compared to the NMR-derived structure of a
smaller antifungical peptide, Ac-AMP2.
相似文献
107.
Vullings H. G. B. Ten Voorde S. E. C. G. Passier P. C. C. M. Diederen J. H. B. Van Der Horst D. J. NÄSSEL D. R. 《Brain Cell Biology》1998,27(12):901-913
The distribution and actions of FMRFamide-related peptides (FaRPs) in the corpora cardiaca of the locust Locusta migratoria were studied. Antisera to FMRFamide and SchistoFLRFamide (PDVDHVFLRFamide) label neuronal processes that impinge on glandular cells in the glandular lobe of the corpora cardiaca known to produce adipokinetic hormones. Electron microscopic immunocytochemistry revealed that these FaRP-containing processes form synaptoid contacts with the glandular cells. Approximately 12% of the axon profiles present in the glandular part of the corpus cardiacum contained SchistoFLRFamide-immunoreactive material. Retrograde tracing of the axons in the nervus corporis cardiaci II with Lucifer yellow revealed 25–30 labelled neuronal cell bodies in each lateral part of the protocerebrum. About five of these in each hemisphere reacted with the SchistoFLRFamide-antiserum. Double-labelling immunocytochemistry showed that the FaRP-containing processes in the glandular lobe of the corpora cardiaca are distinct from neuronal processes, reacting with an antiserum to the neuropeptide locustatachykinin. The effect of the decapeptide SchistoFLRFamide and the tetrapeptide FMRFamide on the release of adipokinetic hormone I (AKH I) from the cells in the glandular part of the corpus cardiacum was studied in vitro. Neither the deca- nor the tetrapeptide had any effect on the spontaneous release of AKH I. Release of AKH I induced by the phosphodiesterase inhibitor IBMX, however, was reduced significantly by both peptides. These results point to an involvement of FaRPs as inhibitory modulators in the regulation of the release of adipokinetic hormone from the glandular cells. 相似文献
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