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101.
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J. L. Foulley D. Gianola S. Im 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》1987,73(6):870-877
Summary A procedure of genetic evaluation of reproductive traits such as litter size and survival in a polytocous species under the assumption of polygenic inheritance is described. Conditional distributions of these traits are assumed to be Poisson and Bernoulli, respectively. Using the concept of generalized linear models, logarithmic (litter size) and probit (survival) functions are described as linear combinations of nuisance environmental effects and of transmitting abilities of sires or individual breeding values. The liability of survival is expressed conditionally to the logarithm of litter size. Inferences on location parameters are based on the mode of their joint posterior density assuming a prior multivariate normal distribution. A method of estimation of the dispersion parameters is also presented. The use of a truncated Poisson distribution is suggested to account for missing records on litter size.On leave from INRA, Station de Génétique Quantitative et Appliquée Centre de Recherches Zootechniques, F-78350 Jouy-en-Josas, FranceOn leave from INRA, Laboratoire de Biometrie, Centre de Recherches de Toulouse, B.P.27, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan Cedex, France 相似文献
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Asensio JL; Canada FJ; Bruix M; Gonzalez C; Khiar N; Rodriguez-Romero A; Jimenez-Barbero J 《Glycobiology》1998,8(6):569-577
The specific interaction of hevein with GlcNAc-containing oligosaccharides
has been analyzed by1H-NMR spectroscopy. The association constants for the
binding of hevein to a variety of ligands have been estimated from1H-NMR
titration experiments. The association constants increase in the order
GlcNAc-alpha(1-->6)-Man < GlcNAc < benzyl-beta-GlcNAc <
p-nitrophenyl-beta-GlcNAc < chitobiose < p-
nitrophenyl-beta-chitobioside < methyl-beta-chitobioside <
chitotriose. Entropy and enthalpy of binding for different complexes have
been obtained from van't Hoff analysis. The driving force for the binding
process is provided by a negative DeltaH0which is partially compensated by
negative DeltaS0. These negative signs indicate that hydrogen bonding and
van der Waals forces are the major interactions stabilizing the complex.
NOESY NMR experiments in water solution provided 475 accurate protein
proton-proton distance constraints after employing the MARDIGRAS program.
In addition, 15 unambiguous protein/carbohydrate NOEs were detected. All
the experimental constraints were used in a refinement protocol including
restrained molecular dynamics in order to determine the highly refined
solution conformation of this protein- carbohydrate complex. With regard to
the NMR structure of the free protein, no important changes in the protein
nOe's were observed, indicating that carbohydrate-induced conformational
changes are small. The average backbone rmsd of the 20 refined structures
was 0.055 nm, while the heavy atom rmsd was 0.116 nm. It can be deduced
that both hydrogen bonds and van der Waals contacts confer stability to the
complex. A comparison of the three-dimensional structure of hevein in
solution to those reported for wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) and hevein
itself in the solid state has also been performed. The polypeptide
conformation has also been compared to the NMR-derived structure of a
smaller antifungical peptide, Ac-AMP2.
相似文献
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Rapid, sequential changes in surface morphology of PC12 pheochromocytoma cells in response to nerve growth factor 总被引:37,自引:17,他引:20
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The effect of nerve growth factor (NGF), a substance that promotes the differentiation and maintenance of certain neurons, was studied via scanning electron microscopy utilizing the PC12 clonal NGF-responsive pheochromocytoma cell line. After 2-4 d of exposure to NGF, these cells acquire many of the properties of normal sympathic neurons. However, by phase microscopy, no changes are discernible within the first 12-18 h. Since the primary NGF receptor appears to be a membrane receptor, it seemed likely that some of the initial responses to the factor may be surface related. PC12 cells maintained without NGF are round to ovoid and have numerous microvilli and small blebs. After the addition of NGF, there is a rapidly initiated sequential change in the cell surface. Ruffles appear over the dorsal surface of the cells with 1 min, become prominent by 3 min, and almost disappear by 7 min. Microvilli, conversely, disappear as the dorsal ruffles become prominent. Ruffles are seen at the the periphery of cell at 3 min, are prominent on most of the cells by 7 min and are gone by 15 min. The surface remains smooth from 15 min until 45 min when large blebs appear. The large blebs are present on most cells at 2 h and are gone by 4 h. The surface remains relatively smooth until 6-7 h of NGF treatment, when microvilli reappear as small knobs. These microvilli increase in both number and length to cover the cell surface by 10 h. These changes were not observed with other basic proteins, with α-bungarotoxin (which binds specifically to PC12 membranes), and were not affected by an RNA synthesis inhibitor that blocks initiation of neurite outgrowth. Changes in the cell surface architecture appear to be among the earlist NGF responses yet detected and may represent or reflect primary events in the mechanism of the factor’s action. 相似文献
110.