棉铃虫核型多角体病毒的基因组物理图谱

应用杂交法和混合酶解法组建棉铃虫(Heliothis armigera)核型多角体病毒(HaNPV)的基因组物理图谱.确定了XhoI酶解位点的全部顺序,部分确定了PstⅠ和BamHⅠ酶解片段的顺序和它们对XhoI位点的相对位置.     

大鼠视上核区和室旁核区内注射6-羟基多巴胺对蓝斑核刺激效应的影响

本工作在横断颈髓的实验组(15只)和对照组(9只)大鼠的视上核(SON)区、室旁核(PVN)区内分别微量注入6-羟基多巴胺(6-OHDA)和它的配药液后,观察对蓝斑核(LC)刺激效应的影响。结果如下:(1)刺激LC时,两组均出现缓慢的升压反应,大约持续3—4min。对照组和实验组平均升压值各为17.56±1.95mmHg和12.13±1.09mmHg,两组有明显的差异(P<0.05)。(2)在刺激LC后3—4min内,对照组尿量平均减少3.64±1.45μl/min,比刺激前明显减少(P<0.05),但实验组仅减少0.30±0.19μl/min,与刺激前相比无明显差(P>0.50)。两组平均尿量减少值差异非常显著(P<0.01)。以上结果表明,用6-OHDA损毁SON区和PVN区去甲肾上腺素能神经末梢后,LC刺激效应明显减弱,这提示刺激LC可能通过它的去甲肾上腺素能神经纤维引起抗利尿激素的释放。     

脑室注射纳洛酮对大鼠迷走-加压反应的影响

本文研究了太鼠的迷走-加压反应和脑室注射纳洛酮对大鼠迷走-加压反应的影响。其结果为:1.刺激大鼠迷走神经向中端,可出现迷走-加压反应;2.脑室注射纳洛酮15—20分钟左右,大鼠迷走-加压反应显著抑制;50分钟左右抑制效应解除,迷走-加压反应开始复现。以上事实提示:内源性阿片样物质参与大鼠的迷走-加压反应过程,对迷走-加压反应可能起加强作用。     

Water Relations and Cell Wall Elasticity Quantities in Phaseolus vulgaris Leaves

The investigations were designed to test osmotic adjustment,cell wall bulk elastic modulus and stomatal behaviour duringand after water stress and rewatering in the primary and firsttrifoliolate leaf of Phaseolus vulgaris. Leaf water relationsquantities fully recovered after rewatering within a few hours;diffusion resistance to vapour flow, however, required 6 h.Leaf growth recovery was considerably delayed. Osmotic adjustmentwas absent during water stress in both the primary and the firsttrifoliolate leaf. The bulk elastic modulus (_v), however, waslower for the primary leaf (higher elasticity) than for thetrifoliolate leaves. These two types of leaves differed in theirdrought resistance in that the primary leaf exhibited wiltingat the end of the stress period (7 d) while the trifoliolateleaf remained relatively turgid. The bulk elastic modulus ofthe cell wall changed almost proportionally with the turgorpressure (_p). The structure coefficient (), an indicator forthe intensity of change of the bulk elastic modulus with turgorwas higher for the primary than for the first trifoliolate leaf.The leaf diffusion resistance (r), below the turgor loss point,changed proportionally with the solute potential with very similarregression lines for the relation of (r) versus RWC ¹. The datasuggest that greater drought resistance of the first trifoliolateleaf is related to a decreased bulk elastic modulus, but notto osmotic adjustment nor to differences in stomatal resistanceduring water stress. Key words: Phaseolus vulguris, Water stress, Recovery, Cell wall elasticity     

海拔和植被对三峡库区梨香溪消落带土壤酶活性的影响

消落带土壤生态环境对水库水质及坡岸稳定性具有较大影响，土壤酶活性具有驱动土壤物质循环进而影响生态系统的功能。本文以三峡库区梨香溪消落带土壤为研究对象，研究了四个海拔梯度和五种植被样地的土壤蔗糖转化酶、脲酶、碱性磷酸酶和蛋白酶的活性及相关环境因子。结果表明，在不同海拔样地中，表层土壤的有机质、总氮、总磷和有效磷的含量均高于土壤下层，并且有效磷和总磷含量随海拔高度的增加而增大。四种土壤酶活性随高程的增加均总体呈现出增大的趋势。除脲酶外，167~180 m样地的下层土壤的土壤酶活性均高于165 m样地。在不同植被样地中，苔藓结皮样地的表层土壤中，蔗糖转化酶、碱性磷酸酶和蛋白酶的活性均为最大。有植被覆盖的样地土壤酶活性和土壤有机质、总氮、总磷和有效磷含量均高于裸地，其中虎杖和藻结皮植被对土壤的养分和土壤酶活性影响作用高于狗压根和苔藓结皮。四种土壤酶的酶活性与土壤总氮、总磷、有效磷和有机质含量大体都呈现正相关关系。以上结果表明，消落带土壤酶活性和土壤肥力供给能力受水淹影响，藻类结皮和苔藓结皮对消落带土壤肥力具有促进作用。     

Effect of Nutrient Concentration and Salinity on Immotile–Motile Transformation of Chromera velia

ABSTRACT. Chromera velia (Chromerida: Alveolata) is a photosynthetic, unicellular organism closely related to parasitic apicomplexa. Diurnal rhythmicity of an immotile–motile transformation has been observed but its role in the life cycle remains largely unknown. Using a multiwell system, we show that salinity and f‐medium concentration significantly affect the percentage of motile C. velia cells. An inverse relationship between salinity and motility in C. velia occurred, and flagellation was also suppressed at high nutrient levels. These results suggest a low salinity environment with relatively low nutrient levels enables flagellate transformation during the diurnal cycle of C. velia.     

Evaluation of the Tire Industry of China based on Physical Input–Output Analysis

With the rapid development of the rubber industry and its downstream sectors in China, the resulting sharp increase in the number of scrap tires is creating great environmental pressure. By considering the tire production, consumption, collection, and reuse processes as a whole system of tire material flows, and based on physical input–output analysis (IOA), this article analyzes the status quo of China's tire industry and performs a comparative study between China and Europe. The study shows that the tire industry of China in 2005 and that of Europe in 1996 are similar in material‐flow characteristics. To make the best use of materials, it is necessary to strengthen the reuse of scrap tires in China. A scenario analysis is presented to show the effects of improving the reuse process from the viewpoint of IOA.     

Relationships between stream macroinvertebrates and environmental variables at multiple spatial scales

1. Aquatic communities are structured by multiple forces, and identifying the driving factors over multispatial scales is an important research issue. The East Asian monsoon region is globally one of the richest environments in terms of biodiversity, and is undergoing rapid human development, yet the river ecosystems in this region have not been well studied. We applied a hierarchical framework to incorporate regional and local environmental effects on stream macroinvertebrate communities in this region. The knowledge gained is expected to improve the understanding of the importance of spatial scale on regional and local diversity in the East Asian monsoon region. 2. A national data set of benthic macroinvertebrates and environmental variables (geographical, land‐use, hydrological, substratum and physicochemical elements) in Korean rivers was used to determine the habitat preferences of macroinvertebrates. 3. Latitude, proportion of forest coverage, riffle habitat, silt substratum and temperature were the most important determinants for the ordinations of macroinvertebrate communities in each category evaluated by canonical correspondence analysis (CCA). The optimal habitats for stream macroinvertebrates are not the same for all species, and overall community metrics and abundance of sensitive species tended to be lower in open agricultural and urban streams than in forested streams. The sensitivity of mayflies and stoneflies to anthropogenic disturbances implicated them as good indicators to assess the effects of urban and agricultural activities. 4. A partial CCA was used to evaluate the relative importance of macrohabitat and microhabitat variables on community composition at three spatial scales (whole country, the large Han River basin and two small sub‐basins in the lowlands and highlands). The majority of community variation (17–22% for each environmental element) was explained by macrohabitat variables at the regional spatial scale. In contrast, large proportions (15–18%) were explained by microhabitat variables at the local spatial scale. 5. Our findings indicate that the relative importance of habitat scales should be determined by geographical size and that comprehensive understanding of multispatial scale patterns can be important for implementing sound biodiversity conservation programmes.     

E2F-1基因在肺癌中的表达及意义

目的:探讨E2F-1基因在肺癌中的表达及意义。方法:采用免疫组化S-P法,检测60例肺癌及20例正常肺组织中E2F-1基因蛋白的表达情况。结果:E2F-1在肺癌组织中的阳性率为91.7%,显著高于正常肺组织的10%,两组间差异有显著性(P<0.05);E2F-1与肺癌患者的性别、年龄、组织学类型、分化程度及淋巴结转移等无相关性(P>0.05)。结论:E2F-1的异常高表达在肺癌的发生发展中起重要作用,可作为肺癌基因诊断和治疗的靶点。