海南红厚壳果实精油的化学成分分析

用水蒸气蒸馏法提取海南红厚壳果实挥发油,利用GC-MS技术对其进行化学成分分析鉴定。从红厚壳果实精油中检测到37个化学成分,鉴定了其中的33个化合物,占总含量的99．26％．主要成分为：邻苯二甲酸二丁酯28．80％、棕榈酸7．07％、硬酯酸8．05％、油酸乙酯18．53％、9,12-十八二烯酸甲酯17．45％。     

哺乳仔猪中伪狂犬病病毒鄂A株对细胞凋亡的诱导或抑制

通过人工感染伪狂犬病病毒阴性的健康仔猪 ,取实验组和阴性对照组仔猪的咽部扁桃体、胸腺、颈部淋巴结、腹股沟淋巴结、大脑、小脑、嗅球、三叉神经节等组织作样本。通过电子显微镜观察、DNA梯谱和原位末端脱氧核苷酸标记等试验进行细胞凋亡分析 ,结果发现实验组仔猪的淋巴组织细胞呈现典型的细胞凋亡的特征 ,而神经组织中无。这一结果表明 :伪狂犬病病毒感染诱导大量淋巴细胞凋亡 ,造成仔猪免疫功能低下 ,导致大量死亡 ,这可能是伪狂犬病病毒急性感染致病机制之一 ;同时也证实伪狂犬病病毒通过抑制神经细胞的凋亡 ,在神经组织中建立潜伏感染并终生带毒。     

槭属的系统演化与地理分布

槭属（Acer L．）属槭树科（Aceraceae）,200种,分布于亚、欧、北美和非洲北缘。本文研究了槭属的系统演化、地理分布、起源与扩散。认为：（1）槭树科与无患于科关系密切,槭属是槭树科2属中较进化的类群。（2）在原始而典型的槭属植物的基础上,槭属沿花的各部减少,有的器官甚至向完全退化的方向演化,但也有少数向增加数目的方向特化。（3）讨论了槭属4亚属23组的演化趋势,并绘制出其系统演化图。（4）槭属起源于侏罗纪的中国四川东部、湖北、湖南及其邻近地区,并向西、东北和南方扩散而进入西亚、欧洲、非洲北缘、北美洲和马来半岛至印尼。     

合欢皮总皂苷急性毒理学研究

本文采用常规急性毒理学研究的方法探究合欢皮总皂苷对小鼠的毒性剂量。HE染色观察其主要器官形态学变化,玻璃毛细管法测定血液凝固时间,生化法测定超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(Glutathione peroxidase,GSH-PX)活性。合欢皮总皂苷的最小致毒量为7.5 mg/kg,近似致死量为1500 mg/kg,半数致死量(LD50)为2164 mg/kg。毒性表现为动物活动减少、1500 mg/kg以上剂量使小鼠食欲下降、2250 mg/kg剂量使小鼠体重明显下降;给药后1 d、7 d和14 d给药组血液凝固时间缩短;主要器官形态学明显改变,明显降低主要器官SOD和GSH-PX活性。结果表明合欢皮总皂苷对小鼠有一定的毒性作用。     

QUESTIONNAIRE PRACTICE: WHAT HAPPENS WHEN THE JAR SCALE IS PLACED BETWEEN TWO “OVERALL” ACCEPTANCE SCALES?

ABSTRACT

Using the observational analysis of two different foods as test products, this note examined some interesting findings that emerge when the just‐about‐right (JAR) scale was placed after the overall liking rating, and before the preference ranking. The JAR data appeared to be statistically uncorrelated with the overall rating scales. First, this fortuitous observation from several studies suggests that the JAR scale can play a diagnostic role to determine how the consumer feels about changing the product. Second, the statistical analysis of the JAR ratings (e.g., bipolar nature of the JAR scale, its skewness and kurtosis) all suggest that the appropriate measure is %JAR, an incidence metric, rather than scale average, ought to be used both to report the results, and to create models relating to the JAR versus sensory magnitude or versus liking, respectively.

PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS

The results of the present analysis suggest that overall acceptance/liking can be the last question in the questionnaire design. That location is very important for the sensory analysis of foods eaten over time and then rated, as well as personal care and cosmetic studies where the products are used over time periods, and where the true evaluation of performance ought to be made at the end of the trial. In these long‐term uses, overall liking is generally the last question given at the end of the time period of product evaluation. The facts that the just‐about‐right (JAR) scales are independent of this final overall liking rating suggest that the integrity of the overall evaluation and usefulness of JAR as diagnostics will not be compromised.     

Midday stomatal conductance is more related to stem rather than leaf water status in subtropical deciduous and evergreen broadleaf trees

Midday depressions in stomatal conductance (g_s) and photosynthesis are common in plants. The aim of this study was to understand the hydraulic determinants of midday g_s, the coordination between leaf and stem hydraulics and whether regulation of midday g_s differed between deciduous and evergreen broadleaf tree species in a subtropical cloud forest of Southwest (SW) China. We investigated leaf and stem hydraulics, midday leaf and stem water potentials, as well as midday g_s of co‐occurring deciduous and evergreen tree species. Midday g_s was correlated positively with midday stem water potential across both groups of species, but not with midday leaf water potential. Species with higher stem hydraulic conductivity and greater daily reliance on stem hydraulic capacitance were able to maintain higher stem water potential and higher g_s at midday. Deciduous species exhibited significantly higher stem hydraulic conductivity, greater reliance on stem capacitance, higher stem water potential and g_s at midday than evergreen species. Our results suggest that midday g_s is more associated with midday stem than with leaf water status, and that the functional significance of stomatal regulation in these broadleaf tree species is probably for preventing stem xylem dysfunction.     

鳖油的制备及其理化性质研究

利用传统炮制方法制备了鳖油 ,其得率为 5 8.31% ,并测定了其含量、酸价及皂化值等理化数据。其中多不饱和脂肪酸质量分数为 42 .47% ,GC分析结果二十碳五烯酸及二十二碳六烯酸烯质量分数分别为 14.82 %、19.10 %。     

苦荞地方资源子实主要性状的遗传变异研究

对我国苦荞主产区171份苦荞地方资源子实的千粒重、百粒米重、百粒皮壳重、皮壳率、子粒及皮壳黄酮含量进行了测定,运用频数分布、相关性和聚类分析,考察其遗传变异情况。结果表明,千粒重、百粒米重、百粒皮壳重、皮壳率、子粒及皮壳黄酮含量变异范围较大,分别为21.73~42.13 g、0.974~2.606 g、0.468~1.363 g、17.594%~38.017%、1.008%~4.368%和0.002%~0.986%,均值分别为29.43 g、1.988 g、0.729 g、24.702%、2.019%和0.144%。相关分析表明,苦荞千粒重与百粒米重(r12=0.579**,r12.其他=0.315**)、百粒皮壳重(r13=0.746**,r13.其他=0.989**)、皮壳率(r14=0.216**,r14.其他=-0.980**)之间,百粒皮壳重与皮壳率(r34=0.807**,r34.其他=0.993**)之间,分别呈极显著相关;百粒米重与百粒皮壳重(r23=0.521**)、皮壳率(r24=0.247**)之间,皮壳率与皮壳黄酮含量(r46=0.187*)之间,分别呈显著相关。聚类分析表明,171份苦荞地方资源聚为5类,6个性状聚为3类。筛选出了千粒重、子粒和皮壳黄酮含量较高的苦荞地方资源。以上结果可为苦荞遗传研究与育种亲本选配提供参考。     

癫痫为首发症状的边缘系统胶质瘤的诊断治疗体会(英文)

目的:1.探讨以癫痫为首发症状的胶质瘤的早期诊断和治疗。2了解不同手术方式对疾病的治疗和长期预后的影响。方法:对从2011年8月到2012年9月的31例病人进行回顾性研究分析。结果:病理确诊的WHOⅠ级星形细胞瘤2例,WHOⅠ-Ⅱ级的星形细胞瘤的4例,WHOⅡ级的星形细胞瘤12例,WHOⅡ级少突胶质细胞瘤的7例,WHOⅡ-Ⅲ的星形细胞瘤4例,仅有胶质细胞增生的2例。结论:1以癫痫为首发症状的低级别胶质瘤应诊断明确,注意鉴别诊断。2早期显微手术治疗控制癫痫症状效果较好。3术后给予抗癫痫药物可预防和较少再发作。4根据手术部位,尽可能的全切肿瘤。