不同剂量的LED红光直接照射对人肝癌细胞HepG2生长特性的影响

采用发光二极管(light-emitting diode,LED)对人肝癌细胞株HepG2进行不同时间的照射,研究了LED直接照射对肿瘤细胞牛长特性的影响.实验采用功率密度为7.23 mW/cm2、中心波长为(650±10)nm的红色LED对人肝癌细胞株HepG2进行不同时间的照射,采用MTT法用酶标仪测试了实验处理后肿瘤细胞的吸光值,采用光学显微镜对细胞进行形态学分析,用PI荧光染色法对细胞的生长特性进行了分析.实验结果表明,小于18 min的低强度红色LED照射呵以促进肿瘤细胞的增殖,而大于35 min的低强度红色LED照射可以抑制肿瘤细胞生长.采用合适剂量的低强度红色LED照射肿瘤细胞可以抑制肿瘤细胞的生长,这对LED直接照射治疗肿瘤疾病有一定的指导意义.     

基于小波神经网络的麦蚜发生程度预测模型

【目的】建立基于小波神经网络病虫害预测预报模型,对提前采取防病防虫措施、减少农作物病虫害损失、提高农作物产量与质量具有重要意义。【方法】本研究以山西省运城市芮城县1980-2014年麦蚜发生程度和气象因子数据为基础,采用主成分分析法从40个基础气象因子中整合形成9个新的自变量输入模型,采用试凑法筛选隐含层节点数,用1980-2009年的数据进行网络训练,对2010-2014年麦蚜发生程度进行回测,建立了以Morlet小波函数为传递函数的小波神经网络模型,并与以Sigmoid函数为传递函数的BP神经网络模型进行了比较。【结果】小波和BP神经网络两种模型对训练样本的平均拟合精度均有10年以上超过80%,两者MAPE 值分别为 89.83% 和83.07%,MSE 值分别为0.0578和0.6192。【结论】两个模型都能较好地描述麦蚜发生程度;从预测精度和模型的稳定性来看,小波神经网络好于BP神经网络。     

Specific endotoxic lipopolysaccharide-binding receptors on murine splenocytes. III. Binding specificity and characterization.

In previously published studies, we employed a photoreactive radioiodinated derivative of LPS from Escherichia coli 0111:B4 to identify and characterize a membrane-localized specific LPS binding protein of approximately 80-kDa molecular mass. Our more recent studies demonstrating that mAb with specificity for this 80-kDa protein will act as an agonist in mediating macrophage activation have established that this protein serves as a specific receptor for LPS. In the experiments reported here, we have more accurately determined the apparent molecular mass of this protein to be 73 kDa (p73). We have also extended the sources of LPS-derivatized photo-cross-linking preparations (including Re-LPS) to determine generality of LPS binding to this receptor. Binding to the p73 LPS receptor is demonstrated with all of the LPS derivatives synthesized in our laboratory, as well as probes synthesized by other investigators. Binding of S-LPS is readily inhibited by Re chemotype LPS, and we have shown that this competitive inhibition is most likely not the result of formation of LPS aggregates. These results confirm and extend our earlier studies suggesting that the binding of LPS to the p73 receptor is lipid A specific. We further demonstrate that, in contrast to results published in a recent report, the p73 LPS receptor has no significant binding specificity for a variety peptidoglycan polymer preparations. Finally, we show that this LPS receptor can be detected on murine fibroblast, macrophage, and mastocytoma cell lines. Differences have been observed in the level of expression of LPS receptors on the various cell lines studied.     

左旋千金藤啶碱的非经典安定剂特性——电生理和行为的研究

在记录神经元放电频率的实验中,发现麻醉或麻痹大鼠给予DA受体拮抗剂SPD,使VTA,SNC和DA神经元放电频率增加.但随着剂量的增加,SPD选择性地使VTA的DA神经元放电完全抑制,可被DA受体激动剂APO所翻转.提示这种抑制作用可能是DI.但SPD不抑制SNCDA神经元放电.在计数自发放电的神经元数目的实验中,观察到:慢性给予SPD21d后,大鼠VTA部位自发放电的DA神经元数目减少,有量效关系.可被APO所翻转.相反,同样给药并不影响SNC部位自发放电的DA神经元数目.当急性给予SPD时,VTA自发放电的DA神经元数目也减少,而SNC自发放电的DA细胞数不受影响.在行为实验中,SPD能抑制APO引起的定型活动,但SPD本身引起的僵住症很弱,仅能维持15min,并且无剂量依赖关系.上述结果提示:SPD选择性抑制VTADA神经元,而对SNCDA神经元的抑制作用很弱,引起的锥体外系副作用弱,可能发展成为新一代的非经典安定剂.     

巴尔通体的液体培养

巴尔通体(Bartonella species)是一群革兰氏染色阴性、营养条件要求苛刻、兼性细胞内寄生的需氧杆菌,主要寄生在动物宿主和人的血管内皮细胞和红细胞内,20世纪90年代以后,在欧美地区一些流浪人群中出现了由巴尔通体引起的菌血症、心内膜炎,一些艾滋病人群中出现了杆菌性血管瘤等,由于这些疾病以往不曾为人们所认识,被WHO确认为新发传染病,因而引起广泛关注。     

基于适体技术的桔青毒素检测方法的建立

桔青毒素（citrinin,CTN）是以玉米、谷物、奶酪等为主要成分的食品和动物饲料中常见的、由桔青霉菌产生的酮类真菌毒素,可引起人和动物的慢性中毒或癌症,一直缺少灵敏的快速检测方法。本文通过指数富集适体系统进化技术（简称SELEX）对可能与CTN结合的特异性适体进行了筛选,经过15轮循环,得到17条适体。通过二级结构分析、亲和力检测发现适体13（Apt-13）对CTN有较好的亲和度,解离常数Kd为0.06μmol/L。进一步利用非荧光标记染料PicoGreen,利用其与双链DNA结合的原理,建立了桔青毒素非标记荧光检测方法,30min完成检测,最低检测限达到国家标准（50ppb）且与其他毒素无交叉反应。本研究建立的基于适体的桔青毒素检测技术成本低,可以替代传统的基于抗体的检测方法,为霉菌毒素的精准检测技术的开发提供了实验证据。     

Engineering mouse apolipoprotein A-I into a monomeric, active protein useful for structural determination

Apolipoprotein AI (apoAI), the major protein component of HDL, is one of the best predictors of coronary artery disease (CAD), with high apoAI and HDL levels being correlated with low occurrences of CAD. The primary function of apoAI is to recruit phospholipid and cholesterol for assembly of HDL particles. Like other exchangeable apolipoproteins, lipid-free apoAI forms a mixture of different oligomers even at 1.0 mg/mL. This self-association property of the exchangeable apolipoproteins is closely associated with the lipoprotein-binding activity of this protein family. It is unclear if the self-association property of apolipoprotein is required for its lipoprotein-binding activity. We developed a novel method for engineering an oligomeric protein to a monomeric, biologically active protein. Using this method, we generated a monomeric mouse apoAI mutant that is active. This mutant contains the first 216 residues of mouse apoAI and replaces six hydrophobic residues with either polar or smaller hydrophobic residues at the defined positions (V118A/A119S/L121Q/T191S/T195S/T199S). Cross-linking results show that this mutant is greater than 90% monomeric at 8 mg/mL. CD, DSC, and NMR results indicate that the mutant maintains an identical secondary, tertiary structure and stability as those of the wild-type mouse apoAI. Lipid-binding assays suggest that the mutant shares an equal lipoprotein-binding activity as that of the wild-type apoAI. In addition, both the monomeric mutant and the wild-type protein make nearly identical rHDL particles. With this monomeric mouse apoAI, high-quality NMR data has been collected, allowing for the NMR structural determination of lipid-free apoAI. On the basis of these results, we conclude that this apoAI mutant is a monomeric, active apoAI useful for structural determination.     

黄土高原常见造林树种光合蒸腾特征

为改善黄土丘陵沟壑区水土流失现状,该区长期以来开展了大量的植被建设,但是,植物的适应性及生长状况如何,还不十分清楚。为探讨造林树种对环境的适应性,从光合、蒸腾和生理生态指标出发,对黄土高原3个主要退耕还林树种：刺槐、沙棘、山杏的适应性进行了研究,并对其适宜性进行了评价。研究结果表明：沙棘不同坡位最大净光合速率Pmax、光补偿点LSP较其它两个树种占明显优势,特别是在上坡位Pmax、LSP分别达到了22.8μmol·m^-2s^-1、520μmol·m^-2s^-1,具有较高的同化代谢能力,该物种较适应该地区的强光环境,适宜种植于阳坡或坡顶;山杏LSP相对较低,而表观量子效率α明显高于沙棘、刺槐,并在下坡位达到最大值0.069,说明它主要利用弱光进行光合作用,适宜种植于阴坡或坡脚等弱光环境中,但由于山杏水分利用效率WUE较低,可能对环境带来不良影响,山杏叶片含水量为65.1%,明显高于其它两个树种,而叶绿素含量仅为0.94mg/g与刺槐沙棘的2.34mg/g和2.00mg/g相差很大,这可能是导致其WUE较低的一个原因;刺槐在上坡位的光合生理参数与山杏相差不大,但是随坡位下降其α、净光合速率Pn较山杏明显偏低各个坡位受限明显,容易形成老头树。     

益生菌Lactobacillus casei Zhang固态发酵条件的优化

利用一株分离自传统发酵酸马奶中的益生干酪乳杆菌（Lactobacillus casei Zhang）进行固态发酵（Solid State Fermentation,SSF）。以发酵物中的活菌数为主要指标,采用九因素四水平（L32（4^9））的正交试验优化固态发酵培养基,并在优化的培养基基础上研究不同的初始含水量及培养时间对Lactobacillus casei Zhang活菌数的影响。实验结果表明,在固态发酵培养基组成为4g豆粕、5g麸皮、0．6g乳清粉、0．3g葡萄糖、0．3g碳酸钙、0．02g硫酸铵、0．01g硫酸镁,初始含水量为55％的优化条件下,37℃发酵60h,发酵物中Lactobacillus casei Zhang活菌数可达到4．08×10^10CFU／g。     

Diallyl trisulfide induces apoptosis and inhibits proliferation of A549 cells in vitro and in vivo

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality all over the world. In recent years, pulmonary adenocarcinoma has surpassed squamous cell carcinoma in frequency and is the predominant form of lung cancer in many countries. Epidemiological investigations have shown an inverse relationship between garlic (Allium sativum) consumption and death rate from many cancers. Diallyl trisulfide (DATS) is one of the garlic-derived compounds (also known as: organosulfer compounds, OSC). DATS can induce apoptosis and inhibit the growth of many cancer cell lines. Our study demonstrated that the apoptotic incidents induced by DATS were a mitochondria-dependent caspase cascade through a significant decrease of the anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 that resulted in up-regulation of the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2 and the activity of caspase-3, -8, and -9. Eventually, DATS induced the apoptosis and inhibited the proliferation in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. Furthermore, by establishing an animal model of female BALB/c nude mice with A549 xenografts, we found that oral gavage of DATS significantly retarded growth of A549 xenografts in nude mice without causing weight loss or any other side effects compared with the control group. All the evidence both in vitro and in vivo suggested that DATS could be an ideal anti-cancer drug.