山东海岸木生海洋真菌的研究 Ⅳ..Buergenerula，中国新记录属

The genus Buergenerula in driftwoods and culms of Spartina alterniflora in intertidal zone is newly recorded from China seas. Taxonomy and morphology of Buergenerula spartinae and the comparison between the species and similar species were discussed in this paper. The specimens were deposited in Mycology Herbarium at Qingdao Agricultural University (MHQAU).     

赤水桫椤自然保护区土壤甲螨多样性的初步研究

对赤水桫椤自然保护区内旅游点的土壤甲螨进行了调查。调查共获1216号标本,分属31科、43属,其中,盖甲螨属Tectocepheus为优势属。调查区内土壤甲螨的种类多,群落的异质性高,多样性指数高,全区甲螨在MGP分析Ⅰ中为O型,分析Ⅱ中为G型。     

Apolipoprotein A-I mimetic peptide D-4F promotes human endothelial progenitor cell proliferation,migration, adhesion though eNOS/NO pathway

Circulating endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) have a critical role in endothelial maintenance and repair. Apolipoprotein A-I mimetic peptide D-4F has been shown to posses anti-atherogenic properties via sequestration of oxidized phospholipids, induction of remodeling of high density lipoprotein and promotion of cholesterol efflux from macrophage-derived foam cells. In this study, we test the effects of D-4F on EPC biology. EPCs were isolated from the peripheral venous blood of healthy male volunteers and characterized by 1,1′-dioctadecyl-3,3,3′,3′-tetramethylindocarbocyanine-labeled acetylated LDL uptake and ulex europaeus agglutinin binding and flow cytometry. Cell proliferation, migration, adhesion, nitric oxide production and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) expression in the absence and presence of D-4F or simvastatin (as a positive control), were assayed. We demonstrated that D-4F significantly enhanced EPC proliferation, migration and adhesion in a dose-dependent manner compared with vehicle. However, all of the favorable effects of D-4F on EPCs were dramatically attenuated by preincubation with NOS inhibitor L-NAME. Further, D-4F also increased nitric oxide production in culture supernatant and the levels of eNOS expression and phosphorylation. The stimulatory effects of D-4F (10 μg/ml) on EPC biology were comparable to 0.5 μM simvastatin. These results suggest that eNOS/NO pathway mediates the functional modulation of EPC biology in response to D-4F treatment and support the notion that the beneficial role of D-4F on EPCs may be one of the important components of its anti-atherogenic potential.     

饲料脂肪水平对长养殖周期异育银鲫“中科3号”生长和脂代谢的影响

实验以初重为(11.33±0.03) g的异育银鲫(Carassius auratus gibelio)为研究对象,分别投喂脂肪水平为4%(L4)、8%(L8)、12% (L12)、16% (L16)和20% (L20)的5种等氮饲料进行为期340d的长养殖周期实验,以探究饲料脂肪水平对长养殖周期异育银鲫生长性能、消化酶活性和脂代谢的影响。期间共取样5次,生长阶段分为63d(D63,幼鱼期)、110d(D110,养成前期)、223d(D223,越冬期)、275d(D275,越冬后)和340d(D340,养成中后期)。实验结果显示,以增重率为评价指标,幼鱼期D63的异育银鲫适宜脂肪水平为8%,养成前期D110的异育银鲫适宜脂肪水平为12%,而其他生长阶段饲料脂水平对增重率无显著影响。饲料脂肪水平对幼鱼期异育银鲫肠道消化酶活性有显著影响,脂肪酶活性随脂肪水平的升高呈现先降低后升高的趋势,幼鱼期(D63)异育银鲫肠道胰蛋白酶和淀粉酶活性高于越冬期和养成中后期的异育银鲫,表明幼鱼期的异育银鲫对脂肪的利用较低。幼鱼期(D63)异育银鲫脂肪合成相关基因pparγ和fas的表达量饲料脂肪水平升高呈先升高后下降的趋势,且在L8组表达量最高,而脂解基因lpl和cpt1a的表达量在低脂组L4显著低于其他各组。pparγ和cpt1a在越冬后期(D275)的表达量随饲料脂肪水平的升高呈现先上升后下降,而fas表达量在L4组显著高于其他组,表明不同生长阶段异育银鲫对饲料脂肪摄入的响应策略不一致,摄入过高或过低均会导致代谢紊乱。适宜的脂水平(8%—12%)可促进幼鱼期和养成前期异育银鲫的生长,增强脂肪利用率和脂代谢能力,而较大规格的异育银鲫对脂肪的变化不敏感。     

Overexpression of an Acidic Endo-β-1,3-1,4-glucanase in Transgenic Maize Seed for Direct Utilization in Animal Feed

Background

Incorporation of exogenous glucanase into animal feed is common practice to remove glucan, one of the anti-nutritional factors, for efficient nutrition absorption. The acidic endo-β-1,3-1,4-glucanase (Bgl7A) from Bispora sp. MEY-1 has excellent properties and represents a potential enzyme supplement to animal feed.

Methodology/Principal Findings

Here we successfully developed a transgenic maize producing a high level of Bgl7AM (codon modified Bgl7A) by constructing a recombinant vector driven by the embryo-specific promoter ZM-leg1A. Southern and Western blot analysis indicated the stable integration and specific expression of the transgene in maize seeds over four generations. The β-glucanase activity of the transgenic maize seeds reached up to 779,800 U/kg, about 236-fold higher than that of non-transgenic maize. The β-glucanase derived from the transgenic maize seeds had an optimal pH of 4.0 and was stable at pH 1.0–8.0, which is in agreement with the normal environment of digestive tract.

Conclusion/Significance

Our study offers a transgenic maize line that could be directly used in animal feed without any glucanase production, purification and supplementation, consequently simplifying the feed enzyme processing procedure.     

三种除草剂对外来入侵植物大狼耙草的防除效果

大狼耙草是危害生物多样性的一种恶性杂草。使用使它隆、二甲四氯、草甘膦3种除草剂对大狼耙草进行不同浓度、不同防治时期防除效果研究,结果表明:使它隆对大狼耙草平均致死率为92%,二甲四氯为85%,草甘膦为82%,但三者差异不显著;高、中、低3种浓度(使它隆分别为0.47、0.40、0.33g·L-1,二甲四氯分别为2.80、2.33、1.87g·L-1,草甘膦分别为5.18、3.89、2.59g·L-1)对大狼耙草致死率差异极显著,高浓度溶液防除效果较好;大狼耙草植株在幼苗期(植株高20cm)、生长盛期(植株高40cm)、花期(植株高60cm)3个防治时期致死率差异极显著,幼苗期防除效果理想。研究表明,在大狼耙草幼苗期使用0.47g·L-1浓度的使它隆防除效果最好。     

脂代谢相关三基因突变小鼠肝脏差异表达蛋白组研究

应用双向电泳及质谱技术对5周龄三基因(apoE^-1- / LDLR^-1-/Lepr^db/db)联合突变小鼠和野生型小鼠肝组织的差异蛋白质进行比较研究,借此分析脂代谢相关三基因联合突变小鼠肝脏蛋白质表达特点,研究差异表达蛋白与血脂代谢紊乱和动脉粥样硬化的关系.在实验中检测到三基因联合突变小鼠和野生型小鼠肝脏中分别平均有（841±57）个和（1 017±50）个蛋白点（n=3）,两者的平均匹配率分别为71.9%,83.2%.三基因联合突变小鼠有140个蛋白点未能与野生型小鼠匹配,其中相差5倍以上的上调点和下调点分别为7个和39个.选取其中的6个点做质谱分析,鉴定为endoplasmin precursor(Grp-94)、酸性富亮氨酸核磷蛋白32家族成员A(acidic leucin-rich nuclear phosphoprotein 32 family member A)、转铁蛋白前体、果糖二磷酸酶1、纤维连接蛋白前体、补体C3前体,纤维蛋白原B β多肽7种蛋白. 该结果提示,差异表达的蛋白对三基因联合突变小鼠的血脂代谢紊乱和动脉粥样硬化发生发展过程起一定作用.     

影响琼花种子休眠的因素

琼花种皮有吸水性,休眠非因种皮的不透水性造成.种仁中存在导致休眠的抑制物质,胚的抑制物质含量最高.种子须先经4℃低温层积60 d,再经25℃暖温处理90 d,而后在较低温(15℃)条件下才能解除休眠而萌发.当年成熟种胚在翌年10月才能彻底破除休眠.6-BA和GA对种胚破眠均无明显作用.