皮肤类器官的构建、功能及其应用研究进展

皮肤类器官作为一种新型的类器官模型,不仅能高度模拟皮肤组织的生理结构和功能,更好地在不同体外环境下还原较真实的皮肤生态,还可以应用于皮肤发育研究、皮肤疾病病理研究及药物筛选等领域。在干细胞研究中,皮肤类器官模型可以在特殊的生境下对具有特定功能的皮肤细胞及其附属物进行重建和改造,以弥补现有体外皮肤模型在结构、功能等方面的不足。基于此,皮肤类器官将会在皮肤再生、组织修复、药物筛选及医学美容等方面扮演越来越重要的角色。本文详述了皮肤类器官构建中所参与的细胞来源及近年来的应用,并对未来皮肤类器官的发展与优化做出了展望。     

抑前胸腺肽在家蚕体内的活性作用

家蚕Bombyx mori抑前胸腺肽是昆虫脑神经肽的一种,体外实验表明它能抑制处于活动时期的家蚕前胸腺合成蜕皮激素,因此抑前胸腺肽可能对昆虫的变态起着重要的作用。将抑前胸腺肽以不同的浓度分单一注射和加强注射导入家蚕体内,不同的时间间隔取样,利用蜕皮激素放射免疫分析方法,观察到了抑前胸腺肽在家蚕体内的活性作用以及引起家蚕体内血淋巴中蜕皮激素浓度的动态变化,首次证明了抑前胸腺肽在体内对家蚕前胸腺合成蜕皮激素有强烈的抑制作用。     

白介素-6细胞因子家族新成员：心肌营养素-1

心肌营养素-1(cardiotrophin-1, CT-1)是一个新发现的白介素-6家族细胞因子,小鼠CT-1的mRNA长约1.4 kb,编码蛋白由203个氨基酸组成,以gp130和LIFR为受体.CT-1对心肌细胞既有肥大诱导作用,又有保护作用;能改变交感神经元的递质表型,促进多巴胺神经元、睫状神经元和运动神经元的存活;还能抑制骨髓白血病细胞M1的生长;诱导肝细胞急性相反应;小鼠腹腔注射给药可增加血小板、红细胞记数和血红蛋白浓度.     

Trichosanthin inhibits T cell activation by interfering with the recruitment of ZAP-70 to CD3 ζchain

INTRoDUCTIONThichosanthin(Tk),aplantproteinisolatedfromaChinesemedicinalherbTh-1.Correspondenceaddress:Dr.KuangYenCHoU,ShanghaiInstituteofImmunology,Shang-haiSecondMedicalUniversity28oSouthChongqingRoad,Shanghai2ooo25,China.Fax:(8621)63846383,E-mail:my@sh…     

细胞因子基因转导对人乳腺癌细胞MHC抗原及细胞膜糖蛋白表达的影响

为探讨细胞因子基因(人IL-2、IL-6)转导对于肿瘤细胞膜MHC抗原及细胞膜糖蛋白表达调控的影响,本文利用脂质体介导的方法,将含人IL-6、IL-2基因的逆转录病毒载体分别导入人乳腺癌细胞系MCF-7细胞中,采用间接免疫荧光染色流式细胞仪测定法,对基因转导的瘤细胞细胞膜糖蛋白及MHC抗原表达进行测定。结果表明经两种基因修饰的MCF-7细胞MHCⅠ型抗原表达均获得增强,此外,基因转导细胞可程度不同地表现出细胞膜多种糖蛋白表达的变化。提示肿瘤细胞膜抗原及糖蛋白表达的改变可能是细胞因子基因转导影响肿瘤细胞免疫原性的重要结构基础。     

Environmental controls over carbon exchange of three forest ecosystems in eastern China

Net ecosystem productivity (NEP) was continuously measured using the eddy covariance (EC) technique from 2003 to 2005 at three forest sites of ChinaFLUX. The forests include Changbaishan temperate mixed forest (CBS), Qianyanzhou subtropical coniferous plantation (QYZ), and Dinghushan subtropical evergreen broad‐leaved forest (DHS). They span wide ranges of temperature and precipitation and are influenced by the eastern Asian monsoon climate to varying extent. In this study, we estimated ecosystem respiration (RE) and gross ecosystem productivity (GEP). Comparison of ecosystem carbon exchange among the three forests shows that RE was mainly determined by temperature, with the forest at CBS exhibiting the highest temperature sensitivity among the three ecosystems. The RE was highly dependent on GEP across the three forests, and the ratio of RE to GEP decreased along the North–South Transect of Eastern China (NSTEC) (i.e. from the CBS to the DHS), with an average of 0.77 ± 0.06. Daily GEP was mainly influenced by temperature at CBS, whereas photosynthetic photon flux density was the dominant factor affecting the daily GEP at both QYZ and DHS. Temperature mainly determined the pattern of the interannual variations of ecosystem carbon exchange at CBS. However, water availability primarily controlled the interannual variations of ecosystem carbon exchange at QYZ. At DHS, NEP attained the highest values at the beginning of the dry seasons (autumn) rather than the rainy seasons (summer), probably because insufficient radiation and frequent fog during the rainy seasons hindered canopy photosynthesis. All the three forest ecosystems acted as a carbon sink from 2003 to 2005. The annual average values of NEP at CBS, QYZ, and DHS were 259 ± 19, 354 ± 34, and 434 ± 66 g C m⁻² yr⁻¹, respectively. The slope of NEP that decreased with increasing latitude along the NSTEC was markedly different from that observed on the forest transect in the European continent. Long‐term flux measurements over more forest ecosystems along the NSTEC will further help verify such a difference between the European forest transect and the NSTEC and provide insights into the responses of ecosystem carbon exchange to climate change in China.     

Long-term patterns of mass loss during the decomposition of leaf and fine root litter: an intersite comparison

Decomposition is a critical process in global carbon cycling. During decomposition, leaf and fine root litter may undergo a later, relatively slow phase; past long-term experiments indicate this phase occurs, but whether it is a general phenomenon has not been examined. Data from Long-term Intersite Decomposition Experiment Team, representing 27 sites and nine litter types (for a total of 234 cases) was used to test the frequency of this later, slow phase of decomposition. Litter mass remaining after up to 10 years of decomposition was fit to models that included (dual exponential and asymptotic) or excluded (single exponential) a slow phase. The resultant regression equations were evaluated for goodness of fit as well as biological realism. Regression analysis indicated that while the dual exponential and asymptotic models statistically and biologically fit more of the litter type–site combinations than the single exponential model, the latter was biologically reasonable for 27–65% of the cases depending on the test used. This implies that a slow phase is common, but not universal. Moreover, estimates of the decomposition rate of the slowly decomposing component averaged 0.139–0.221 year⁻¹ (depending on method), higher than generally observed for mineral soil organic matter, but one-third of the faster phase of litter decomposition. Thus, this material may be slower than the earlier phases of litter decomposition, but not as slow as mineral soil organic matter. Comparison of the long-term integrated decomposition rate (which included all phases of decomposition) to that for the first year of decomposition indicated the former was on average 75% that of the latter, consistent with the presence of a slow phase of decomposition. These results indicate that the global store of litter estimated using short-term decomposition rates would be underestimated by at least one-third.     

TNFalph 和 IL-1bet 靶点抗炎药物筛选细胞模型的构建

目的:构建两个高表达人TNFα和IL-1β细胞系,建立抗炎药物筛选细胞模型。方法:运用PCR的方法从载体pCMVSport-TNFα和p CMVSport-IL1β上扩增目的基因,以亚克隆方法将目的基因分别插入真核表达载体pcDNA3.1和pFLAG-CMV中,用单酶切、PCR扩增和基因测序的方法鉴定重组效果,然后将重组成功的质粒转入HEK293细胞系内,挑选能够稳定表达并遗传的单克隆细胞株,用蛋白免疫印迹(Western blot)法分析其表达效果。结果:三种鉴定方法均显示重组质粒构建成功。Western blot结果显示,细胞株T3、T4均能较高表达炎症因子TNF-α;细胞株I2、I3、I5均能较高表达炎症因子IL-1β。结论:成功构建了TNFα和IL-1β靶标的药物筛选细胞模型,为筛选具有抗炎作用的中药提供了一个新平台。     

严重多发创伤失血性休克患者限制性液体复苏的临床应用评价

目的:评价限制性液体复苏在严重多发失血性休克救治中的作用.方法:对88例多发创伤合并失血性休克的患者随机分为两组,观察组(n=48)在创伤失血性休克出血未控制前行限制性液体复苏,对照组(n=40)则进行常规行充分液体复苏.比较两组的液体摄入量、输血量、收缩压、术前复苏时间;住院期间急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)、急性肾功能衰竭(ARF)、弥漫性血管内凝血(DIC)、脓毒血症的发生率和总死亡率.结果:观察组的液体输入量和术前复苏时间均低于对照组,差异有显著性(P＜0.05);两组输血量和收缩压差异无显著性.观察组ARDS、脓毒血症的发生率和总死亡率均明显低于对照组,差异有显著性(P＜0.05).结论:在创伤性休克术前未控制性出血条件下,限制性液体复苏可缩短术前复苏时间,明显降低并发症的发生率和死亡率.     

毕氏海蓬子类囊体膜与卵磷脂重组脂质体的耐热性研究

采用卵磷脂(PC)构建脂质体,然后将毕氏海蓬子类囊体膜蛋白复合物重组到脂质体中.分析不同温度(25℃、35℃、45℃和55℃)处理后蛋白脂质体的电子传递活性、吸收光谱和荧光光谱的变化,以探讨膜脂与膜蛋白在高温胁迫下的交互作用.结果显示:蛋白脂质体光系统Ⅱ(PSⅡ)的放氧活性和光系统Ⅰ(PSⅠ)的耗氧活性随着PC比例的提高而增加,在PC与类囊体膜比例为4∶1(Lipid∶Chl,w/w)时达到最高,同时蛋白脂质体的吸收光谱和荧光光谱也呈上升趋势;在PC与类囊体膜重组比例为4∶1条件下,高温处理后的蛋白脂质体的PSⅡ放氧活性和PSⅠ耗氧活性显著大于未经重组的,其吸收光谱和荧光光谱峰值下降幅度低于未经重组的,且峰位基本没有变化.研究表明,PC可能通过增加结合天线的大小来促进蛋白脂质体对光能的吸收和能量从外周天线到PSⅡ和PSⅠ核心复合物的传递;在脂质体中,PC与类囊体膜的交互作用提高了PSⅡ和PSⅠ在高温胁迫下的光化学效率,增强了PSⅡ和PSⅠ的耐热性.