小鼠杂交瘤细胞在双口滚动培养瓶中的生长及抗体分泌

研制了一种新的滚动式细胞培养装置(rolling culture system)和双口滚动瓶(double-mouthed roller).利用分泌抗人绒毛膜促性腺激素(hCG)单克隆抗体的小鼠杂交瘤细胞作为检验材料,对培养在双口滚动培养装置及常规T形瓶中的细胞生长和单抗分泌进行了比较.在滚动培养装置中(转速2～10 r/min)培养的细胞生长和抗体分泌皆增加30%以上.不同浓度的血清对细胞生长和抗体产量有一定影响,含5%血清的培养液中生长的杂交瘤细胞单抗产量最高;添加少量明胶可增加细胞生长和抗体产量.     

环境胁迫对不同水分管理措施下稻田土壤功能稳定性的影响

随着全球变化和人类活动干扰的加剧,维持和提高土壤生态功能具有重要意义.本研究以室内模拟干扰下土壤功能稳定性为核心,研究环境胁迫(干燥、高温和干燥高温)对常规淹水、裸地旱作、秸秆覆盖旱作3种水分管理措施下土壤功能稳定性(抵抗力和恢复力)的影响.结果表明:相对于单一的干燥或高温胁迫,复合胁迫虽然显著增加了土壤可溶性有机碳和铵态氮含量,但是降低了胁迫1 d后的土壤真菌和细菌生物量、土壤呼吸、土壤功能抵抗力,同时也显著降低了56 d后的土壤功能恢复力.相关性分析结果表明,细菌生物量和真菌生物量与土壤功能抵抗力和土壤功能恢复力均呈显著相关.不同水分管理措施能够调节环境胁迫对土壤功能稳定性的影响,无论是单一胁迫还是复合胁迫条件下,秸秆覆盖旱作均显著增加了可溶性有机碳、铵态氮含量和真菌、细菌生物量,其功能抵抗力和功能恢复力均高于常规淹水和裸地旱作.总之,在多种胁迫存在的条件下,秸秆覆盖旱作能够提高土壤生态系统在环境胁迫下的功能稳定性,是稻田节水旱作适宜的农业管理措施.     

黄土高原人工刺槐林生长衰退的生态生理机制

刺槐是黄土高原广泛栽植的水土保持树种,然而人工刺槐林的树木个体生长衰退已经成为该区域开展植被恢复建设、实现森林可持续经营所面临的重大生态环境问题之一.目前人工刺槐林生长衰退的定义、界定标准、量化指标尚未形成统一标准.探讨刺槐生长衰退的机理不仅是植被恢复的理论基础,也是退耕还林还草工程持续开展的直接需求,具有实际价值和研究意义.通过汇集相关研究文献,综合国际和黄土高原关于森林生长衰退、死亡率增加的研究,从生态学(气候变化、土壤干化、群落结构失调、森林经营管理不当)和树木生理学(水力学故障、碳饥饿、遗传及分子调节)两个角度概述了黄土高原人工刺槐林生长衰退的机制以及取得的研究进展.最后提出黄土高原人工刺槐林生长衰退研究的不足,并对未来研究进行展望.     

枯草芽孢杆菌壳聚糖酶水解制备低脱乙酰度壳寡糖及其组分分析

对来源于枯草芽孢杆菌菌株168(Bacillus subtilis 168)的壳聚糖酶编码基因进行了序列优化及全合成,并在毕赤酵母(Pichia pastoris)中实现了分泌表达,表达产物的蛋白质浓度达到0.30mg/ml。表达的壳聚糖酶最适p H为5.6,最适温度为55℃,比酶活达84.54U/ml。该酶在50℃及以下较稳定。利用该酶水解低脱乙酰度壳聚糖并使用超高效液相色谱-四极杆飞行时间质谱(ultra-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry,UPLC-QTOF MS)对产物的组分进行了分离及鉴定。根据一级质谱信息,推测酶解产物中包含至少37种聚合度2~18,不同脱乙酰度的壳寡糖组分。综上,利用毕赤酵母分泌表达了来源于枯草芽孢杆菌菌株168的壳聚糖酶基因,利用表达产物水解制备了低脱乙酰度壳寡糖并对其组分进行了分析,可为后续壳寡糖结构与功能关系的研究提供参考。     

Glycine origin of the methyl substituent on C7'-N of octodiose for the biosynthesis of apramycin

Apramycin is unique in the aminoglycoside family due to its octodiose moiety. However, either the biosynthesis process or the precursors involved are largely unknown. Addition of glycine, as well as serine or threonine, to the Streptomyces tenebrabrius UD2 fermentation medium substantially increases the production of apramycin with little effect on the growth of mycelia, indicating that glycine and/or serine might be involved in the biosynthesis of apramycin. The 13C-NMR analysis of [2-13C] glycine-fed (25% enrichment) apramycin showed that glycine specifically and efficiently incorporated into the only N-CH3 substituent of apramycin on the C7' of the octodiose moiety. We noticed that the in vivo concentration of S-adenosyl methionine increased in parallel with the addition of glycine, while the addition of methione in the fermentation medium significantly decreased the productivity of apramycin. Therefore, the methyl donor function of glycine is proposed to be involved in the methionine cycle but methionine itself was proposed to inhibit the methylation and methyl transfer processes as previously reported for the case of rapamycin. The 15N NMR spectra of [2-13C,15N]serine labeled apramycin indicated that serine may also act as a limiting precursor contributing to the -NH2 substituents of apramycin.     

不同作物轮作对连作高粱生长及其根际土壤环境的影响

以高粱连作5年为对照(CK),研究了高粱连作3年轮作苜蓿(T₁)和葱(T₂),对下茬高粱生长、根际土壤微生物及土壤酶活性的影响.结果表明:与CK相比,轮作改善了高粱地上部的生长;T₁增产16.5%,效果明显.轮作也促进了高粱根系的生长,T₁和T₂处理的高粱总根长是CK的1.3和1.4倍,根总表面积是CK的1.6和1.5倍,根体积是CK的2.2和1.6倍,根系生物量是CK的2.0和1.3倍,T₁促进了根系在10 cm以下土层中的分布.借助Biolog法对穗花期根际土壤微生物群落功能多样性分析表明,T₁和T₂处理根际土壤微生物活性显著高于CK,且Shannon多样性指数分别是CK的1.2和1.1倍;轮作提高了根际土壤蔗糖酶活性.综上,轮作苜蓿比轮作葱更能改善高粱根际土壤环境,提高土壤微生物活性和酶活性,控制高粱连作障碍,提高高粱产量.     

Composition and structure of nucleolar skeleton (nucleolar matrix)——Actin and fibrillarin are two main protein components of nucleolar skeleton

Purified nucleoli of HeLa cells were treated sequentially with nonionic detergent, nucleic acid enzyme, low salt and high salt. The residual nucleolar structure termed nucleolar skeleton (nucleolar matrix) was shown as a fine network under electron microscope with DGD embedding-unembedding technique. Such structures of BHK-21 cell and mouse liver cell are similar to that of HeLa cell. The protein composition of the nucleolar skeleton of HeLa cells was analyzed. The protein composition of such nucleolar residual shows obvious difference from the compositions of nuclear matrix and chromosome scaffold. The major protein composition of the nucleolar skeleton of HeLa cells contains 6-7 polypeptides. Their molecular weights are about 48, 43, 36 and 33 ku. Further studies show that actin and fib-rillarin are two major protein components of nucleolar skeleton of HeLa cells.     

观音座莲目的角质层特征

运用扫描电镜和光学显微镜对观音座莲目4种(属)植物的叶角质层进行了研究。结果表明,其间存在明显共性:表皮构造均为单面气孔式,上下表皮细胞垂周壁皆呈不同程度的波状起伏,气孔器类型皆为环列型。需要指出的是观音座莲目的全部6属植物均具环列型的气孔器,这表明该特征在目一级水平上具有重要的分类学及系统学意义。同时天星蕨属的角质层特征进一步支持了将天星蕨属上升为天星蕨科的观点。