7株绿僵菌防治德国小蠊的毒力筛选

本文用7个绿僵菌(Metarhizium)菌株对德国小蠊Blattella germanica(Linnaeus)进行注射生测,筛选出了一个致病菌株进行五代复壮选育.该株绿僵菌Metarhizium anisopli-ae(Metsch)Sorokin复壮前对雌雄成虫注射生测LD50依次为13.2与8.9天;复壮后对雌雄成虫背部点滴生测12天的LD50值均为1.3×105孢子/虫.通过CP包埋剂制作石蜡切片对僵虫体内菌丝核和体表孢子堆进行了观察.     

喜马拉雅-横断山区优越虎耳草谱系地理学研究

利用叶绿体DNA非基因编码区rpl20-rps12和trnL-trnF作为分子标记,对喜马拉雅-横断山区优越虎耳草13个居群151个个体进行谱系地理学研究,旨在揭示优越虎耳草现有的遗传结构及其演化历程。共检测到19个单倍型,其中63%的单倍型为居群特有单倍型。研究还发现,优越虎耳草居群总的遗传多样性较高（H_t=0.868）,居群内平均遗传多样性较低（H_s=0.466）。分子变异分析（AMOVA）表明,优越虎耳草居群57.37%的遗传变异来自居群内,居群间遗传变异为42.63%。居群遗传分化系数N_st大于G_st（N_st=0.463,G_st=0.438,P>0.05）,但不显著,表明优越虎耳草在其整个分布范围内没有明显的谱系地理结构。中性检验结果表明,Tajima's D为负值（-1.348 32,P>0.05）而Fu's F_s*为正值（18.915 72,P>0.05）,但均不显著,结合歧点分布分析发现该物种在整个分布范围内未经历过居群扩张。此外,在本研究中优越虎耳草遗传多样性和核苷酸多样性较高的居群及大量特有单倍型在整个分布范围内随机分布,符合"微型避难所"假说。优越虎耳草居群在冰期可能随气候波动而发生分布范围的不断变化,最终在相互隔离的"高山岛屿"中发生异域分化,导致大量特有单倍型产生。因此,推测优越虎耳草与其生境中的乔木和灌木可能具有相似的谱系地理历史,它们可为优越虎耳草提供微型避难所而使之在冰期时保留下来。     

Preliminary SAR and biological evaluation of antitubercular triazolothiadiazine derivatives against drug-susceptible and drug-resistant Mtb strains

Following up the SAR study of triazolothiadiazoles for their antitubercular activities targeting Mt SD in our previous study, on the principle of scaffold hopping, the C3 and C6 positions of triazolothiadiazine were examined systematically to define a preliminary structure–activity relationship (SAR) with respect to biological activity. This study herein highlights the potential of two highly potent advanced leads 6c-3, 6g-3 and several other compounds with comparable potencies as promising new candidates for the treatment of TB (6c-3, MIC-H37Rv = 0.25 μg/mL; MIC-MDRTB = 2.0 μg/mL; MIC-RDRTB = 0.25 μg/mL; Mt SD-IC₅₀ = 86.39 μg/mL; and 6g-3, MIC-H37Rv = 1.0 μg/mL; MIC-MDRTB = 4.0 μg/mL; MIC-RDRTB = 2.0 μg/mL; Mt SD-IC₅₀ = 73.57 μg/mL). Compounds 6c-3 and 6g-3 possessed a para-nitro phenyl at the 6 position showed low Vero and HepG2 cells toxicity, turning out to be two excellent lead candidates for preclinical trials. In addition, in vitro Mt SD inhibitory assay indicates that Mt SD is at least one of the targets for their antitubercular activity. Thus, they may turn out to be promising multidrug-resistance-reversing agents.     

RhoA and RhoC are involved in stromal cell-derived factor-1-induced cell migration by regulating F-actin redistribution and assembly

Cyclophosphamide (CP) is one of the widely used anticancer agents; however, it has serious deleterious effects on normal host cells due to its nonspecific action. The essential trace element Selenium (Se) is suggested to have chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic efficacy and currently used in pharmaceutical formulations. Previous report had shown Nano-Se could protect CP-induced hepatotoxicity and genotoxicity in normal Swiss albino mice; however, its role in cancer management is still not clear. The aim of present study is to investigate the chemoprotective efficacy of Nano-Se against CP-induced toxicity as well as its chemoenhancing capability when used along with CP in Swiss albino mice against Ehrlich’s ascites carcinoma (EAC) cells. CP was administered (25 mg/kg b.w., i.p.) and Nano-Se was given (2 mg Se/kg b.w., p.o.) in concomitant and pretreatment schedule. Increase levels of serum hepatic marker, hepatic lipid peroxidation, DNA damage, and chromosomal aberration in CP-treated mice were significantly (P < 0.05) reversed by Nano-Se. The lowered status of various antioxidant enzymes in tumor-bearing mice after CP treatment was also effectively increased by Nano-Se. Administration of Nano-Se along with CP caused a significant reduction in tumor volume, packed cell volume, viable tumor cell count, and increased the survivability of the tumor-bearing hosts. The results suggest that Nano-Se exhibits significant antitumor and antioxidant effects in EAC-bearing mice. The potential for Nano-Se to ameliorate the CP-evoked toxicity as well as to improve the chemotherapeutic effect could have beneficial implications for patients undergoing chemotherapy with CP.     

Peripheral Blood Monocyte Tolerance Alleviates Intraperitoneal Lipopolysaccharides-Induced Neuroinflammation in Rats Via Upregulating the CD200R Expression

Neuroinflammation is an important pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease (PD). The peripheral immune system could produce profound effects on central immunities. The peripheral blood monocyte (PBM) immune tolerance is the refractoriness of immune system to avoid overactive peripheral inflammation. The PBM are also actively involved in central immune activities. There is evidence implying the probable failure of immune tolerance and impairment of CD200/CD200R signaling in PD patients. Here we aimed to explore the effects of PBM tolerance in peripheral LPS-induced neuroinflammation as well as the specific roles of CD200/CD200R pathway in PBM tolerance. We found that repeated intraperitoneal administration of 0.3 mg/kg LPS was able to induce the PBM tolerance. PBM tolerance reduced peripheral LPS-induced elevation of serum TNF-α, IL-1β expression and TLR4 expression in PBM. PBM tolerance and PBM depletion alleviated peripheral LPS-induced neuroinflammation demonstrated by reduced proinflammatory cytokines in brain and blocked microglia activation. The CD200R expression in PBM was upregulated in PBM tolerance group after intraperitoneal administration of high-dose LPS in vivo and the blockade of CD200/CD200R interaction induced the failure of PBM tolerance in vitro. These results suggested the PBM tolerance could attenuate the peripheral LPS-induced neuroinflammation via upregulating the CD200R expression and the CD200/CD200R signaling played a key role in PBM tolerance. Effective regulation of the PBM in periphery may be a potential way to limit neuroinflammation while the CD200R on PBM could be used as a potential therapeutic target to alleviate neuroinflammation.     

Assessment of Zinc Status in School-Age Children from Rural Areas in China Nutrition and Health Survey 2002 and 2012

Zinc is an essential trace element for growth and development in children, but zinc deficiency is a serious nutritional problem worldwide. Our study aimed to assess the zinc status of school-age children living in rural areas of China and to examine the change of zinc status based on the China Nutrition and Health Survey 2002 and 2012. We used the probability proportional to size sampling method for subject selection, and a total of 3407 school-age children were included in this study. Zinc status was assessed by three items of indicators recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO), the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF), the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), and the International Zinc Nutrition Consultative Group (IZiNCG). The concentration of serum zinc was 718.2 μg/L, and 44.4% of children being zinc deficiency in 2002, while 846.8 μg/L and 10.4% in 2012. Zinc intake was 7.8 mg/day with a 7.6% inadequate zinc intake in 2002, together with 6.9 mg/day and 38.2% in 2012. Height-for-age Z score was ?1.06 and 19.1% of children being stunting in 2002, as well as ?0.15 and 6.8% in 2012. In conclusion, the zinc status of school-age children living in rural areas of China has been significantly improved in addition to zinc intake over the past 10 years. However, the zinc deficiency still observed in poor rural areas of China in 2012. In addition, we suggested that the zinc bioavailability should be taken into account when assessing zinc status in population.     

人白血病抑制因子在原核细胞中的表达与纯化

研究证明人白血病抑制因子(hLIF)是一种对多种不同类型的细胞和组织具有重要功能的细胞因子,其独特的生物学特性使其被广泛应用。介绍了自制的具有生物活性的hLIF,将hLIF基因克隆到pET32a中,并利用硫氧还蛋白(Trx)作为融合配体,在大肠杆菌中成功表达可溶性融合蛋白Trx-hLIF。亲和层析纯化后利用SDS-PAGE和Western blot对纯化结果进行检验。利用肠激酶(EK酶)切割融合蛋白,释放hLIF,随后通过简单的阳离子交换得到纯度高达98.1%的hLIF4.75mg。小鼠M1髓系白血病细胞增殖分析测定纯化的rhLIF的功能与hLIF具有相似的生物活性,EC50为5ng/ml,对应的比活性为0.5×107 IU/mg。     

宁夏回、汉族皮纹学研究(Ⅱ)——掌纹

采用随机整体抽样方法分析了宁夏回、汉族掌纹样本共计614份,回族262人(男性129人,女性133人),汉族352人(男性206人,女性146人).结果表明:1)宁夏回族tPD值显著高于汉族(P<0.01),两民族tPD与atd均呈高度相关;2)两民族间手大、小鱼际出现率均无显著差异,但左手出现率显著高于右手(P<0.01);3)宁夏回族左手掌主线指数显著高于汉族(P<0.01),两民族均表现C线发育不良的出现率显著低于C线缺失的出现频率;4)宁夏回、汉族五种掌褶纹类型的出现率在两民族间均未出现统计学差异;5)不同地区回族大鱼际出现率差异显著.     

Na2CO3胁迫对黄瓜幼苗生长及生理指标的影响

以‘津优一号’和‘春四’黄瓜为实验材料,采用砂培法研究了Na2CO3胁迫对黄瓜幼苗生长及生理指标的影响。结果显示,随着Na2CO3浓度的增大,两个黄瓜品种的幼苗根冠比逐渐下降,叶绿素含量先上升后下降,可溶性糖含量、脯氨酸含量、SOD活性逐渐上升;‘津优一号’的相对电导率和丙二醛含量随Na2CO3浓度的增大逐渐增加,而‘春四’的相对电导率和丙二醛含量在20 mmol.L-1时最低,此后逐渐上升。主成分分析结果显示,丙二醛含量、SOD活性、可溶性糖含量、脯氨酸含量、叶绿素b,这5项指标在评价黄瓜幼苗的Na2CO3耐性方面是比较重要的。结合这5项指标综合分析,发现‘津优一号’较‘春四’有较强的耐碱性。