ERRATUM: Effects of Loading on the Biomechanical Behavior of Molars of Homo,Pan, and Pongo. Am J Phys Anthropol 109:211–227.

ERRATUM: Macho GA and Spears IR. 1999. Effects of Loading on the Biomechanical Behavior of Molars of Homo, Pan, and Pongo. Am J Phys Anthropol 109:211–227. The correct title of the article is given above. The word “biochemical” should be read as “biomechanical.”     

肿瘤干细胞研究进展及临床应用前景

肿瘤干细胞是肿瘤中具有自我更新能力和分化潜能,能产生异质性细胞的细胞。我们简要阐述了肿瘤干细胞存在的证据、分离技术及来源,并对以肿瘤干细胞为靶标的肿瘤治疗途径、临床应用前景和问题进行了综述。     

缟蝇科昆虫生物学和地理分布分析

本文概述了缟蝇科昆虫的生活史、食性、访花习性、栖居环境等生物学特性,并对缟蝇科属、种的地理分布进行了分析。缟蝇科在世界动物地理区的分布统计结果表明,同脉缟蝇亚科为亚世界性分布,其属级阶元在东洋界丰富度最高,其次为澳洲界;其种级阶元在东洋界最为丰富,其次为澳洲界。缟蝇亚科为世界性分布,其属级阶元在新热带界丰富度最高,并且高度特化,其次是东洋界和澳洲界;其种级阶元在新热带界最为丰富,其次为古北界和澳洲界。缟蝇科在中国动物地理区和亚区的分布统计结果显示,其属、种级阶元在华南区最为丰富;同脉缟蝇亚科的种级阶元以海南岛亚区最为丰富,其次为台湾亚区;缟蝇亚科的种级阶元在台湾亚区最为丰富,西部山地高原亚区次之。     

Response properties of the prothoracic AN2 auditory interneurone to model calling songs in the cricket Gryllus bimaculatus

Sound processing properties for calling song (CS) models, as described for the prothoracic L3 auditory neurone in Acheta domesticus, are investigated for the homologous auditory neurone 2 (AN2) in female Gryllus bimaculatus De Geer. AN2 of G. bimaculatus responds selectively to the syllable period (SP) of models of a male CS. The selectiveness of this response parallels the selectivity of phonotaxis females perform in response to the same SPs. Both, the responses of AN2 and female behaviour show clear interindividual variability. The SP‐selective responses of AN2 result from an SP‐dependent reduction in the spiking to subsequent syllables of the model CSs, measured as the percentage decrement. This SP‐dependent response does not primarily result from inbuilt properties of the AN2 membrane. Rather, it is dependent on inhibitory input to the AN2. However, clear inhibitory postsynaptic potentials in dendritic recordings of the AN2 are not encountered. This immediate response of AN2 to CSs is followed by an increased rate of tonic firing between stimulus CSs, which is termed the prolonged response, and is dependent on the carrier frequencies that make up the male CSs. With stimulation on the contralateral side of the soma of AN2s, more than 50% of AN2s exhibit a prolonged response. However, with stimulation from the ipsilateral side of the soma, most AN2s exhibit a prolonged response. The prolonged response of AN2 at 5 kHz may be even more sensitive than the immediate response. Thus, the AN2 neurone could provide a basis for phonotaxis that is selective for both the SPs and the carrier frequencies of potentially attractive calling songs.     

一株石油降解菌培养基的优化

目的：有效降低石油降解菌株CT-6在工业生产中的培养成本,提高培养速度。方法：利用Minitab软件,采用中心组合设计、响应面分析,以葡萄糖、蔗糖、可溶性淀粉为碳源,以硝酸铵、尿素、氯化铵为氮源,对高效降解石油菌株CT-6的培养基进行了优化。结果：当碳源葡萄糖为5.6818g/L、氮源氯化铵为3.8030g/L时,菌株CT-6培养17h,OD600达到0.615。结论：优化前后,菌体CT-6的OD600分别为0.289和0.615,提高了112.8%,说明该培养基更有利于菌株CT-6的生长。     

Residual activity of microencapsulated permethrin against stable flies on lactating dairy cows

Emulsifiable concentrate and microencapsulated formulations of permethrin were evaluated for residual activity against stable flies on lactating dairy cows. Cows were treated in the field with each formulation and hair was clipped from the leg and shoulder area, and bioassayed at 1, 2, 3, 4, 7 and 14 days after treatment. Significantly more stable flies died when exposed to hair sampled 3, 4 and 7 days after treatment from the shoulder than from the lower leg. Analysis with gas chromatography of hair samples showed no detectable permethrin residues on shoulder or leg hair 72 h after treatment with the emulsifiable concentrate formulation. Microencapsulated permethrin was still detectable on hair sampled from both locations 7 days after treatment. The permethrin concentration on the leg hair was approximately 50% of the shoulder hair concentration after 3 days, with the leg hair residue dropping to 31% of shoulder level after 7 days.