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71.
72.
Characterization of the new insertion sequence IS91 from an alpha-hemolysin plasmid of Escherichia coli 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
Esmeralda Diaz-Aroca Fernando de la Cruz Juan C. Zabala José M. Ortiz 《Molecular & general genetics : MGG》1984,193(3):493-499
Summary IS91 is a 1.85 kb insertion sequence originally resident in the -hemolytic plasmid pSU233. The element was transposed sequentially from this plasmid to pA-CYC184, to R388, and to pBR322. Both cointegrates and simple insertions of the element were obtained. A detailed restriction enzyme map of the element is presented. This does not bear any relationship to the maps of previously described insertion sequences. Furthermore, hybridization between these sequences and IS91 could not be demonstrated.Deletion derivatives of IS91 were constructed which are unable to transpose. However, their transposition can be complemented in Trans by wild-type elements. One of these deletion derivatives has been genetically labeled with a kanamycin resistance marker from Tn5. When this new element was complemented for transposition, only about 2% of the transposition products were cointegrates. Thus, the behavior of IS91 is better explained by transposition models that allow direct transposition.Part of this work was carried out by E. Diaz-Aroca as a requirement for her degree in Sciences. The work is published (Esmeralda Diaz-Aroca, Tesina de Licenciatura, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 1983) and it contains the complete details of procedures and results of the cloning experiments and the restriction maps of the plasmids shown in this work. It is available from the authors upon request 相似文献
73.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa diaminopimelate decarboxylase: evolutionary relationship with other amino acid decarboxylases 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Martin C; Cami B; Yeh P; Stragier P; Parsot C; Patte JC 《Molecular biology and evolution》1988,5(5):549-559
The lysA gene encodes meso-diaminopimelate (DAP) decarboxylase
(E.C.4.1.1.20), the last enzyme of the lysine biosynthetic pathway in
bacteria. We have determined the nucleotide sequence of the lysA gene from
Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Comparison of the deduced amino acid sequence of
the lysA gene product revealed extensive similarity with the sequences of
the functionally equivalent enzymes from Escherichia coli and
Corynebacterium glutamicum. Even though both P. aeruginosa and E. coli are
Gram-negative bacteria, sequence comparisons indicate a greater similarity
between enzymes of P. aeruginosa and the Gram- positive bacterium C.
glutamicum than between those of P. aeruginosa and E. coli enzymes.
Comparison of DAP decarboxylase with protein sequences present in data
bases revealed that bacterial DAP decarboxylases are homologous to mouse
(Mus musculus) ornithine decarboxylase (E.C.4.1.1.17), the key enzyme in
polyamine biosynthesis in mammals. On the other hand, no similarity was
detected between DAP decarboxylases and other bacterial amino acid
decarboxylases.
相似文献
74.
75.
Multinucleate cells, such as the spores of the fungus Phycomyces, are unsuitable for the isolation of recessive mutants. Nuclear killing by N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (henceforth nitrosoguanidine) eliminates all but one of the nuclei in some of the cells and allows the expression of recessive mutations. Even in the best conditions, only about 35% of the survivors have a single functional nucleus. Functionally uninucleate cells can be positively selected. This involves the exposure to nitrosoguanidine of the spores of a heterokaryon and selection for a recessive marker present in a small fraction of its nuclei. The optimal conditions for nitrosoguanidine mutagenesis in Phycomyces differ from those for bacteria and yeast. Buffer composition and pH are less important than in other organisms. Survival is an exponential function and mutation induction a linear function of the dose of the mutagen (concentration X time). Spore germination leads to an immediate increase in the number of gene copies per cell, thus further hindering the expression of recessive mutations; dominant mutations are then nearly always isolated in heterokaryotic form. 相似文献
76.
77.
78.
Recognizing the forest for the trees: testing temporal patterns of cladogenesis using a null model of stochastic diversification 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
Computer simulations are developed and employed to examine the expected
temporal distributions of nodes under a null model of stochastic lineage
bifurcation and extinction. These Markovian models of phylogenetic process
were constructed so as to permit direct comparisons against empirical
phylogenetic trees generated from molecular or other information available
solely from extant species. For replicate simulated phylads with n extant
species, cumulative distribution functions (cdf's) of branching times were
calculated, and compared (using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test statistic D) to
those from three published empirical trees. Molecular phylogenies for
columbine plants and avian cranes showed statistically significant
departures from the null expectations, in directions indicating recent and
ancient species' radiations, respectively, whereas a molecular phylogeny
for the Drosophila virilis species group showed no apparent historical
clustering of branching events. Effects of outgroup choice and phylogenetic
frame of reference were investigated for the columbines and found to have a
predictable influence on the types of conclusions to be drawn from such
analyses. To enable other investigators to statistically test for
nonrandomness in temporal cladogenetic pattern in empirical trees generated
from data on extant species, we present tables of mean cdf's and associated
probabilities under the null model for expected branching times in phylads
of varying size. The approaches developed in this report complement and
extend those of other recent methods for employing null models to assess
the statistical significance of pattern in evolutionary trees.
相似文献
79.
JC Biro 《Theoretical biology & medical modelling》2006,3(1):15-12
Background
Prediction of protein folding and specific interactions from only the sequence (ab initio) is a major challenge in bioinformatics. It is believed that such prediction will prove possible if Anfinsen's thermodynamic principle is correct for all kinds of proteins, and all the information necessary to form a concrete 3D structure is indeed present in the sequence. 相似文献80.
The demonstration that interleukin 2 (IL-2) is a lectin specific for
oligomannosides allows to understand a new function for this cytokine: as a
bifunctional molecule when bound to its receptor ss, IL-2 associates the
latter which the CD3/TCR complex, interacting with oligosaccharides of CD3
through its carbohydrate-recognition domain (Zanetta et al. , 1996,
Biochem. J., 318, 49-53). This induces the tyrosine phosphorylation of the
IL-2R beta by ++p56(lck) , the first step of the IL-2-dependent signaling.
Since this specific association is disrupted in vitro by oligomannosides
with five and six mannose residues, we made the hypothesis that pathogenic
cells or microorganisms could bind IL-2, consequently disturbing the IL-2-
dependent response. This study shows that the pathogenic yeast Candida
albicans (in contrast with nonpathogenic yeasts) binds high amounts of IL-2
as did cancer cells. In contrast with cancer cells, yeasts do not bind the
Man6GlcNAc2-specific lectin CSL, an endogenous "amplifier of activation
signals" (Zanetta et al. , 1995, Biochem. J., 311, 629-636).
相似文献