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61.
Possible interactions of two synthetic plant-growth retardants during the short-term response of Brassica rapa L. ssp. oleifera (DC.) Metzger plants to low root-zone temperature were investigated by pretreating with mefluidide or paclobutrazol. Water and solute transfers were studied by measuring xylem sap volume flow (under root pressure exudation) and ion flow from the roots. Relations with nitrate uptake rate were also considered. Root pretreatment with paclobutrazol strongly restricted the cold-inducible processes which normally restore water and solute flow from the root xylem. Paclobutrazol decreased the rates of nitrate uptake and exudation flow from the root xylem (principally by reducing root hydraulic conductivity) with dramatic consequences for ion flow, especially that of nitrate.
The effects of root ABA pretreatment on plant response to root cooling were then studied separately or in association with a pretreatment with paclobutrazol. Despite a slight decrease in nitrate uptake rate, ABA pretreatment of the roots enabled the plant to develop rapid mechanisms for adaptation to cold constraint at the root level. Moreover, this action of exogenous ABA greatly reduced the effect of a simultaneous paclobutrazol pretreatment and partly restored water and solute flows.
Thus, the improvement of plant resistance to cold conditions brought about by treatments with mefluidide and paclobutrazol (previously shown in long-term experiments) cannot simply be explained by their short-term effects. 相似文献
The effects of root ABA pretreatment on plant response to root cooling were then studied separately or in association with a pretreatment with paclobutrazol. Despite a slight decrease in nitrate uptake rate, ABA pretreatment of the roots enabled the plant to develop rapid mechanisms for adaptation to cold constraint at the root level. Moreover, this action of exogenous ABA greatly reduced the effect of a simultaneous paclobutrazol pretreatment and partly restored water and solute flows.
Thus, the improvement of plant resistance to cold conditions brought about by treatments with mefluidide and paclobutrazol (previously shown in long-term experiments) cannot simply be explained by their short-term effects. 相似文献
62.
The somatic and oral cortical ultrastructure of the plagiopylid ciliates Lechriopyla mystax Lynch, 1930 and Plagiopyla minuta Powers, 1933 are described. The somatic kinetids are monokinetids with an anteriorly directed kinetodesmal fibril originating near triplets 5, 6, 7, a divergent postciliary ribbon originating at triplet 9, and an unusual transverse ribbon originating in dense material adjacent to triplets 1, 2, 3. The transverse ribbon extends beneath the right surface of the cortical ridge adjacent to the kinety from which it originated. The oral kinetids are also monokinetids from whose base rootlet fibrils extend inwards beneath the oral kineties and converge on the furcula. The striated band on these ciliates is composed of a series of short ridges orthogonal to the longitudinal axis of the band. The sides of the striated band groove are apparently supported by macrotubules. The cortical ultrastructure of the plagiopylids is discussed with reference both to the optical microscopy of the organisms and to the ultrastructure of other ciliate taxa. The plagiopylids are not clearly related to any other higher taxon and are placed incertae sedis in the Subphylum Cyrtophora Small, 1976. 相似文献
63.
MARIANNE J. VAN DIJKEN PETER NEUENSCHWANDER JACQUES J. M. VAN ALPHEN WINFRED N. O. HAMMOND 《Ecological Entomology》1991,16(2):233-240
Abstract.
- 1 In cassava fields in Africa, population sex ratios of Epidinocarsis fopezi vaned from 0.44 (males to total parasitoids) at low host densities to highly male-biased ratios of 0.70 at high host densities.
- 2 This variability is caused by the difference in allocation of sons and daughters to hosts of different sizes, through the following mechanisms: (a) small, i.e. second instar, hosts are mainly used for the production of male offspring, whereas in large, i.e. third instar, hosts a variable, female-biased sex ratio is produced; (b) E.fopezi does not selectively oviposit into large hosts but always accepts both small and large hosts for oviposition upon encountering; (c) in the field, this parasitoid is time-limited, and not egg-limited. On the basis of an optimal diet model, such general host acceptance is shown to be the best strategy.
- 3 Thus, sex ratio increases with host density for three reasons: the proportion of small hosts encountered in the field increases with increasing host density, small hosts are used for male production, and hosts are always accepted when encountered.
64.
65.
DAVID M. GOLDENBERG ROSE A. PAVIA HANS J. HANSEN JACQUES P. VANDEVOORDE 《Nature: New biology》1972,239(93):189-190
NORMAL and neoplastic mammalian cells cultivated in vitro retain a number of functions that characterize their cellular origin, even after extensive passage1. It therefore seems reasonable to expect that cell products such as tumour-associated antigens could, if present from the outset, be retained in a demonstrable state when the tumour cells are cultivated outside the original host organism. The discovery by Gold and Freedman2 of an antigenic substance specific for entodermally-derived cancers of the digestive system, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), provides a suitable candidate for studying one such property related to a particular type of human cancer. It has been proposed, however, that tumour-specific antigens such as CEA are not indigenous to the tumours, but are glycoproteins produced elsewhere in the body and coating the tumour cells secondarily3. If this were the case, then human colonic cancer cells in long-term propagation in vitro should not synthesize this material. We now present evidence to the contrary. 相似文献
66.
Observations on Idiotypy of Rabbit Antibodies against <Emphasis Type="Italic">Salmonella abortus-equi</Emphasis> 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
IDIOTYPIC specificities are antigenic specificities each of which seems to be peculiar to antibodies of one given individual (or perhaps of one group of individuals) against one given antigen1,2. They are detected by reactions—usually of specific precipitation-using anti-idiotypic sera3. We have used anti-Salmonella abortus-equi (SAE) sera of two rabbits to agglutinate bacteria which were injected into two series of six rabbits; three rabbits of each series gave precipitating anti-idiotypic sera. 相似文献
67.
JEAN-FRANÇOIS RIOU DE-LI SHI THIERRY DARRIBÈRE JEAN-CLAUDE BOUCAUT JACQUES CHARLEMAGNE 《Development, growth & differentiation》1987,29(5):443-454
We have previously reported the identification of cell surface glycoproteins in Pleurodeles waltlii gastrulae. In an attempt to study the expression of three of these cell surface glycoproteins (proteins referred to 1, 11 and 14), we have produced monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies by immunizing mice with the spots of the three selected glycoproteins excised from 2D-gels. Expression of the three glycoproteins was detected on the surfaces of all cells during embryonic development. Before hatching, proteins 1, 11 and 14 become expressed in a limited number of tissues. 相似文献
68.
Abstract. An acid phosphatase is isolated and purified to homogeneity from sycamore cell walls. The enzyme, which has a molecular weight close to 100,000, is a glycoprotein and is most probably made up of one polypeptide chain only. Its amino acid composition has been determined. Although homogeneous to polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis under non-denaturing conditions, the enzyme preparation still contains protease traces that tend to split polypeptide chain in two fragments. 相似文献
69.
JEAN GRUENBERG BERNARD SCHWENDIMANN PUKH RAJ SHARMA JACQUES DESHUSSES 《The Journal of eukaryotic microbiology》1980,27(4):484-491
SYNOPSIS. Under aerobic conditions, we have determined glycerol uptake in the long slender (LS) bloodstream form of Trypanosoma (Trypanozoon) brucei brucei by studying glycerophosphate accumulation in the parasites. The coupled enzyme theory applies to the permeation-phosphorylation sequence. Glycerol passage through the plasma membrane is asymmetric, the efflux process being favored over the influx process. No free diffusion of glycerol can be detected even under conditions under which free glycerol accumulates within the cells; most probably, glycerol permeation is mediated by a specific transport system. In the absence of respiratory activities, glycerol is known to be an end-product of T. brucei glycolysis; its production from glycerophosphate should allow ATP synthesis. The observed efflux of free glycerol following intracellular accumulation of glycerophosphate confirms the hypothesis that glycerol production occurs through reversal of glycerol kinase activity. We conclude that in vivo the role of the carrier-mediated asymmetric permeation process is to prevent inhibition of the reversal of the glycerol kinase-mediated reaction by removing free glycerol. 相似文献
70.
- 1 This paper summarizes twenty years of ecological research on aquatic oligochaetes of the Upper Rhône River and its alluvial floodplain (France). Species traits of fifty species of the ninety taxa recorded from two areas Gons and Brégnier-Cordon) were used to examine the relationships among species traits, habitat utilization of these species, whether a relationship exists between species traits and habitat utilization, and the applicability of predictions from the river habitat templet and the patch dynamics concept in the framework of spatial and temporal habitat variability. We used fourteen habitat types and sixteen species traits in this analysis.
- 2 When examined by correspondence analysis, species traits separate the Naididae (with a higher potential for reproduction, small size, high mobility, and opportunistic diet) from all other families.
- 3 Habitat utilization by oligochaetes demonstrates two gradients: a vertical gradient that arranges species by their affinity for interstitial habitats (stygophily) and a transversal gradient that arranges them by their affinity for main channel habitats (rheophily).
- 4 No significant relationship was found between species traits and habitat utilization in a co-inertia analysis.
- 5 Trends observed for species traits within the framework of spatial-temporal habitat variability show only minor agreement with predictions of the river habitat templet.
- 6 Species richness is generally higher in superficial and interstitial habitats that are permanently connected with the main channel, and peaks in the superficial parapotamons (backwaters that are permanently connected with the main channel) characterized by intermediate levels of spatial as well as temporal variability; this pattern only partially fits with predictions of the patch dynamics concept.