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41.
Anika I Tsuchida Michiel Beekhuizen Marieke C ‘t Hart Timothy RDJ Radstake Wouter JA Dhert Daniel BF Saris Gerjo JVM van Osch Laura B Creemers 《Arthritis research & therapy》2014,16(5)
Introduction
This study aimed to evaluate whether profiles of several soluble mediators in synovial fluid and cartilage tissue are pathology-dependent and how their production is related to in vitro tissue formation by chondrocytes from diseased and healthy tissue.Methods
Samples were obtained from donors without joint pathology (n = 39), with focal defects (n = 65) and osteoarthritis (n = 61). A multiplex bead assay (Luminex) was performed measuring up to 21 cytokines: Interleukin (IL)-1α, IL-1β, IL-1RA, IL-4, IL-6, IL-6Rα, IL-7, IL-8, IL-10, IL-13, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)α, Interferon (IFN)γ, oncostatin M (OSM), leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), adiponectin, leptin, monocyte chemotactic factor (MCP)1, RANTES, basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), vascular growth factor (VEGF).Results
In synovial fluid of patients with cartilage pathology, IL-6, IL-13, IFNγ and OSM levels were higher than in donors without joint pathology (P ≤0.001). IL-13, IFNγ and OSM were also different between donors with cartilage defects and OA (P <0.05). In cartilage tissue from debrided defects, VEGF was higher than in non-pathological or osteoarthritic joints (P ≤0.001). IL-1α, IL-6, TNFα and OSM concentrations (in ng/ml) were markedly higher in cartilage tissue than in synovial fluid (P <0.01). Culture of chondrocytes generally led to a massive induction of most cytokines (P <0.001). Although the release of inflammatory cytokines was also here dependent on the pathological condition (P <0.001) the actual profiles were different from tissue or synovial fluid and between non-expanded and expanded chondrocytes. Cartilage formation was lower by healthy unexpanded chondrocytes than by osteoarthritic or defect chondrocytes.Conclusions
Several pro-inflammatory, pro-angiogenic and pro-repair cytokines were elevated in joints with symptomatic cartilage defects and/or osteoarthritis, although different cytokines were elevated in synovial fluid compared to tissue or cells. Hence a clear molecular profile was evident dependent on disease status of the joint, which however changed in composition depending on the biological sample analysed. These alterations did not affect in vitro tissue formation with these chondrocytes, as this was at least as effective or even better compared to healthy chondrocytes. 相似文献42.
43.
The signal produced by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) often is inconsistent among cells and sensitivity is low. Small DNA targets on the chromatin are difficult to detect. We report here an improved nick translation procedure for Texas red and Alexa Fluor 488 direct labeling of FISH probes. Brighter probes can be obtained by adding excess DNA polymerase I. Using such probes, a 30 kb yeast transgene, and the rp1, rp3 and zein multigene clusters were clearly detected. 相似文献
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46.
Human alveolar macrophage fibronectin: synthesis, secretion, and ultrastructural localization during gelatin-coated latex particle binding 总被引:14,自引:4,他引:10 下载免费PDF全文
Human pulmonary alveolar macrophages synthesized and secreted several characteristic high molecular weight proteins for at least 7 d in vitro. Immunoprecipitates of medium and cell lysates from metabolically labeled cultures with specific anti-human plasma fibronectin IgG contained one major labeled polypeptide of molecular weight 440,000 (unreduced) or 220,000 (reduced). An identical polypeptide in conditioned medium from radiolabeled macrophages bound specifically to gelatin-Sepharose, demonstrating that alveolar macrophages synthesized and secreted a molecule immunologically and functionally similar to fibronectin. Fibronectin was the major newly synthesized and secreted polypeptide of freshly harvested alveolar macrophages. Pulse-chase experiments revealed that newly synthesized fibronectin was rapidly secreted into medium, approximately 50 percent appearing by 1 h and 80 percent by 8 h. Immunoperoxidase staining using antifibronectin F(ab’)(2)-peroxidase conjugates revealed the majority of immunoreactive fibronectin to be intracellular, localized to endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus. No extracellular matrix fibronectin was visualized, and cell surface staining was rarely seen, usually appearing only at sites where cells were closely apposed and not at sites of macrophage-substrate attachment. Similar immunostaining of fibroblast cultures revealed cell surface-associated fibrillar fibronectin. Ultrastructural localization of fibronectin during binding and phagocytosis of gelatin-coated and plain latex particles revealed fibronectin only on gelatin-latex beads and at their cell binding sites. Neigher plain latex beads nor their cell membrane binding sites stained for fibronectin. These results demonstrate that fibronectin is a major product of human alveolar macrophages, is rapidly secreted, and is localized at cell membrane binding sites for gelatin-coated particles. In view of the known binding properties of fibronectin, it may serve as an endogenous opsonic factor promoting the binding of staphylococcus, denatured collagen, fibrin, or other macromolecules to macrophages in the lower respiratory tract. 相似文献
47.
On the phospholipids of Bacillus megaterium 总被引:12,自引:0,他引:12
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49.
Phylogenetic screening of the human genome: identification of differentially hybridizing repetitive sequence families 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The phi-screen, a method of phylogenetic screening, can be employed to
detect repetitive sequence families that differentially hybridize between
closely related species. Such differences may involve sequence divergence
or variations in copy number, including total presence versus absence of a
family of repeated DNA. We present the results of a phi-screen comparing
the human genome to that of the prosimian, Galago crassicaudatus. Three
human repetitive families that are divergent or not present in galago have
been detected. One of these families is described in detail; it is similar
among the anthropoids but is present in a lower copy number and/or
divergent form in prosimians. The family is clearly related to the
transposon-like human element (THE) described by Paulson et al. (1985).
THEs have long terminal repeats reminiscent of retroviruses but are unique
in that they have no sequence similarity to known mammalian retroviruses.
The sequence of a solo long terminal repeat, found unassociated with THE
internal sequence, is presented. This family member, THE p2, is bordered by
a 5-bp target-site repeat and is interrupted by the insertion of an Alu
element. A solo THE element sequenced by Wiginton et al. (1986) contains an
insertion of Alu at precisely the same position as does THE p2.
相似文献
50.
The alcohol dehydrogenase (Adh) region from five planitibia subgroup
species of Hawaiian picture-wing Drosophila has been cloned. A total of 15
kb of DNA in and around the Adh gene has been compared among the five
species. Genetic distances were calculated to determine evolutionary
relationships. These distances agree with previous distances determined by
protein polymorphism and DNA hybridization techniques and can be
interpreted in terms of specific island colonization and speciation
(founder) events over the past 5 Myr. Examination of the restriction maps
of the cloned Adh region from the five species shows many instances of
small deletions, insertion of a transposable element in D. heteroneura, and
the existence of a highly variable region on the 3' side of the Adh gene.
Clustering relationships and rates of DNA change are calculated and
compared with the relationship found for other species of Drosophila.
相似文献