全文获取类型
收费全文 | 1086740篇 |
免费 | 126526篇 |
国内免费 | 1086篇 |
专业分类
1214352篇 |
出版年
2016年 | 12598篇 |
2015年 | 18757篇 |
2014年 | 21852篇 |
2013年 | 30304篇 |
2012年 | 34726篇 |
2011年 | 35071篇 |
2010年 | 23710篇 |
2009年 | 22103篇 |
2008年 | 31716篇 |
2007年 | 32611篇 |
2006年 | 30717篇 |
2005年 | 29383篇 |
2004年 | 29349篇 |
2003年 | 27955篇 |
2002年 | 27283篇 |
2001年 | 44777篇 |
2000年 | 45084篇 |
1999年 | 36423篇 |
1998年 | 14344篇 |
1997年 | 14837篇 |
1996年 | 14195篇 |
1995年 | 13428篇 |
1994年 | 13110篇 |
1993年 | 12965篇 |
1992年 | 30970篇 |
1991年 | 30220篇 |
1990年 | 29880篇 |
1989年 | 28968篇 |
1988年 | 26766篇 |
1987年 | 26004篇 |
1986年 | 24125篇 |
1985年 | 24269篇 |
1984年 | 20187篇 |
1983年 | 17664篇 |
1982年 | 13966篇 |
1981年 | 12574篇 |
1980年 | 11871篇 |
1979年 | 19436篇 |
1978年 | 15794篇 |
1977年 | 14297篇 |
1976年 | 13484篇 |
1975年 | 14871篇 |
1974年 | 16134篇 |
1973年 | 15821篇 |
1972年 | 14236篇 |
1971年 | 13231篇 |
1970年 | 11283篇 |
1969年 | 10801篇 |
1968年 | 9706篇 |
1967年 | 8805篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 0 毫秒
181.
182.
183.
Phylogenetic revision of Agapophytinae subf.n. (Diptera: Therevidae) based on molecular and morphological evidence 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Shaun L. Winterton† Longlong Yang† Brian M. Wiegmann† David K. Yeates . 《Systematic Entomology》2001,26(2):173-211
Agapophytinae subf.n. is a highly diverse lineage of Australasian Therevidae, comprising eight described and two new genera: Agapophytus Guérin‐Méneville, Acupalpa Kröber, Acraspisa Kröber, Belonalys Kröber, Bonjeania Irwin & Lyneborg, Parapsilocephala Kröber, Acatopygia Kröber, Laxotela Winterton & Irwin, Pipinnipons gen.n. and Patanothrix gen.n. A genus‐level cladistic analysis of the subfamily was undertaken using sixty‐eight adult morphological characters and c. 1000 base pairs of the elongation factor‐1α (EF‐1α) protein coding gene. The morphological data partition produced three most parsimonious cladograms, whereas the molecular data partition gave a single most parsimonious cladogram, which did not match any of the cladograms found in the morphological analysis. The level of congruence between the data partitions was determined using the partition homogeneity test (HTF) and Wilcoxon signed ranks test. Despite being significantly incongruent in at least one of the incongruence tests, the partitions were combined in a simultaneous analysis. The combined data yielded a single cladogram that was better supported than that of the individual partitions analysed separately. The relative contributions of the data partitions to support for individual nodes on the combined cladogram were investigated using Partitioned Bremer Support. The level of support for many nodes on the combined cladogram was non‐additive and often greater than the sum of support for the respective nodes on individual partitions. This synergistic interaction between incongruent data partitions indicates a common phylogenetic signal in both partitions. It also suggests that criteria for partition combination based solely on incongruence may be misleading. The phylogenetic relationships of the genera are discussed using the combined data. A key to genera of Agapophytinae is presented, with genera diagnosed and figured. Two new genera are described: Patanothrix with a new species (Pat. skevingtoni) and Pat. wilsoni (Mann) transferred from Parapsilocephala, and Pipinnipons with a new species (Pip. kroeberi). Pipinnipons fascipennis (Kröber) is transferred from Squamopygia Kröber and Pip. imitans (Mann) is transferred from Agapophytus. Agapophytus bicolor (Kröber) is transferred from Parapsilocephala. Agapophytus varipennis Mann is synonymised with Aga. queenslandi Kröber and Aga. flavicornis Mann is synonymised with Aga. pallidicornis (Kröber). 相似文献
184.
185.
186.
187.
188.
HIF-1 expression in healing wounds: HIF-1alpha induction in primary inflammatory cells by TNF-alpha 总被引:12,自引:0,他引:12
189.
Copper- and arsenate-induced oxidative stress in Holcus lanatus L. clones with differential sensitivity 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
The biochemical responses of Holcus lanatus L. to copper and arsenate exposure were investigated in arsenate‐tolerant and ‐non‐tolerant plants from uncontaminated and arsenic/copper‐contaminated sites. Increases in lipid peroxidation, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and phytochelatin (PC) production were correlated with increasing copper and arsenate exposure. In addition, significant differences in biochemical responses were observed between arsenate‐tolerant and ‐non‐tolerant plants. Copper and arsenate exposure led to the production of reactive oxygen species, resulting in significant lipid peroxidation in non‐tolerant plants. However, SOD activity was suppressed upon metal exposure, possibly due to interference with metallo‐enzymes. It was concluded that in non‐tolerant plants, rapid arsenate influx resulted in PC production, glutathione depletion and lipid peroxidation. This process would also occur in tolerant plants, but by decreasing the rate of influx, they were able to maintain their constitutive functions, detoxify the metals though PC production and quench reactive oxygen species by SOD activity. 相似文献
190.
As part of systematic studies of the genus Porphyrain New Zealand, constituent sugar analyses of cell wall polysaccharidesin situ in dry thalli were found to yield data that weretaxonomically informative. Variation in constituent sugar levels betweenspecieswas sufficient in some cases to be useful in species differentiation. Thereproductive state of thallus regions had a significant impact on the levels ofconstituent sugars, whereas storage of dried thalli for eight months had noeffect. Three epiphytic taxa currently classified as species ofPorphyra appear to be incorrectly placed within the genus,as their constituent sugars and the levels of these sugars differed markedlyfrom those of all other species examined. 相似文献