A simple method using PCR for direct sequencing of genomic DNA from frozen tumor tissue embedded in optimal cutting temperature compound.

Described here is a three-day protocol that directly yields DNA sequence after isolating and PCR amplifying genomic DNA from a small sample of frozen nasopharyngeal carcinoma tissue embedded in optimal cutting temperature (OCT) compound. The method is consistently successful, reproducible and will facilitate the rapid analysis of DNA sequence from very small samples.     

Naloxone influences ultrasonic calling in young mice

The ultrasonic calls produced by three day old mice when separated from the nest mother and siblings increase in number when naloxone is injected.     

Shock-induced modulation of lymphocyte reactivity: suppression, habituation, and recovery

The present study was designed to evaluate the suppressive effect of different frequencies of signaled-shock presentations on mitogenic reactivity of lymphocytes in Lewis rats, and to assess the recovery of that reactivity at varying times after the shocks. The results showed that the magnitude of decreased reactivity in both the spleen and whole-blood lymphocytes, as determined by mitogenic reactivity to Concanavalin A (Con A), was directly related to the number of shock presentations within a daily session. However, the suppressed reactivity for the spleen cells diminished with repeated sessions of frequent shocks, in contrast to the whole-blood lymphocytes which did not show any habituation. Furthermore, the imposition of different periods of recovery following a single session of frequent shocks showed that the decreased reactivity for the whole-blood lymphocytes extended beyond the immediate period of the shock experience, and took 48 to 96 hours to recover completely. In contrast, the spleen lymphocytes showed complete recovery within 24 hours following the administration of shock. These results establish that the rate of habituation to and recovery from a shock-induced decrease in mitogen reactivity is more rapid for the spleen than whole-blood lymphocytes.