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191.
Jiri Zak Eva Voslarova Vladimir Vecerek Iveta Bedanova 《Journal of applied animal welfare science : JAAWS》2018,21(2):108-119
Records of 4,455 sheltered dogs were analyzed to compare the numbers of traceable (able to be reunited with original caregivers) and untraceable (unable to be reunited with original caregivers) dogs before (Period 1) and after (Period 2) introduction of a mandatory microchipping. Records were also used to compare the numbers of microchipped dogs, to compare dogs’ reunification with caregivers, and to estimate possible financial savings. In Period 1, 51.8% of the dogs were untraceable (median length of stay = 14 days) and 48.2% were traceable (median length of stay = 1 day). Of all traceable dogs, 24.5% were microchipped, and 67.5% of microchipped dogs were traceable. In Period 2, 57.1% of dogs were traceable (median length of stay = 0 days), and 42.9% were untraceable (median length of stay = 12 days). Of all traceable dogs, 61.4% had a microchip, and 80% of microchipped dogs were traceable. In Period 2, authorities saved more than US$43,400 on unreclaimed dog care. Mandatory microchipping of dogs appears to be an effective measure to increase reunification of sheltered dogs, decrease length of stay, and save authority funds. 相似文献
192.
Viola Strompfová Iveta Plachá Klaudia Čobanová Soňa Gancarčíková Dagmar Mudroňová Andrea Lauková 《Central European Journal of Biology》2012,7(3):436-447
There is a current trend to support pet health through the addition of natural supplements to their diet, taking into account
the high incidence of medical conditions related to their immune system and gastrointestinal tract. This study investigates
effects of the plant Eleutherococcus senticosus as a dietary additive on faecal microbiota, faecal characteristics, blood serum biochemistry and selected parameters of cellular
immunity in healthy dogs. A combination of the plant with the canine-derived probiotic strain Lactobacillus fermentum CCM 7421 was also evaluated. Thirty-two dogs were devided into 4 treatment groups; receiving no additive (control), dry root
extract of E. senticosus (8 mg/kg of body weight), probiotic strain (108 CFU/mL, 0.1 mL/kg bw) and the combination of both additives. The trial lasted 49 days with 14 days supplementation period.
Results confirm no antimicrobial effect of the plant on the probiotic abundance either in vitro (cultivation test) or in vivo. The numbers of clostridia, lactic acid bacteria and Gram-negative bacteria as well as the concentration of serum total protein,
triglyceride, glucose and aspartate aminotransferase were significantly altered according to the treatment group. Leukocyte
phagocytosis was significantly stimulated by the addition of probiotic while application of plant alone led to a significant
decrease. 相似文献
193.
Tephroseris longifolia subsp. moravica is an endemic endangered taxon of European importance. Within the nine recently known populations it occurs in very specific
site conditions of ecotone habitats. In our contribution, we try to quantify its realized niche with regard to the measured
components of its biotic and abiotic environment. The main aim was to assess the importance of spatial environmental variation
on taxon occurrence and performance and to relate the obtained ecological information to data on taxon abundance and demography.
Possible reasons of taxon rarity are discussed, too. Comparison of plot pairs indicated that plots containing the taxon had
deeper soil and higher soil Na and Mg contents than plots without it. They also contained higher number of species, especially
forbs. Several soil parameters were positively correlated with taxon size and density while light parameters played minor
role. Negative correlations between cover of vascular plants, especially grasses and taxon size and density suggest its reduced
competitive ability. Vascular plant-based ecological indicator values were set for light (6), temperature (5), continentality
(4), moisture (5), soil reaction (7) and nutrients (5). The studied sites differed in topography, soil characteristics (pH,
soil Na, K, Ca, P and NH4) and cover of herb litter. Size of taxon populations was negatively related to their finite rate of increase which varied
between 1.25 and 2.04 and was most sensitive to demographic parameters related to growth. We conclude, that the studied taxon
is not strictly stenotopic as the ranges of several environmental variables were rather wide. We suppose, that the narrow
limits of recent taxon occurrence are consequences of its low competitive ability and demographic processes related to germination
and seedling establishment. The differing requirements of its ontogenetic stages (seedlings and generative individuals) may
define the final limits of its small-scale distribution. 相似文献
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195.
Using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), the external morphology of all developmental stages (egg, oncomiracidium, diporpa,
just fused juvenile and adult) of the parasite, Eudiplozoon nipponicum (Monogenea, Diplozoidae), from the gills of carp was studied. During the ontogeny, the tegument, tegumentary and sensory
structures are subsequently developed. The tegument of free swimming oncomiracidium occurs in two types — the ciliated and
non-ciliated with numerous uniciliated sensory structures. An attachment apparatus starts to form during the oncomiracidium
stage. Further developmental stages are adapted to the environment of the gills. Tegumentary folds become more apparent later
in development and assist to the parasite’s attachment. In connection with its reproductive strategy, the two morphological
structures of diporpa (ventral sucker and dorsal papilla) appear to play important role. On the gills, two individuals need
to meet and these structures mediate the fusion between two diporpae. The hindbody of adult parasite is highly modified for
attachment. The haptor, folds and lobular extensions are most developed. The forebody is flexible and able to interact with
host gill tissue via the mouth and associated mouth structures. The process of food intake of the parasite was discussed. 相似文献