Weak population regulation in ecological time series

How strongly natural populations are regulated has a long history of debate in ecology. Here, we discuss concepts of population regulation appropriate for stochastic population dynamics. We then analyse two large collections of data sets with autoregressive-moving average (ARMA) models, using model selection techniques to find best-fitting models. We estimated two metrics of population regulation: the characteristic return rate of populations to stationarity and the variability of the stationary distribution (the long-term distribution of population abundance). Empirically, longer time series were more likely to show weakly regulated population dynamics. For data sets of length ≥ 20, more than 35% had characteristic return times > 6 years, and more than 29% had stationary distributions whose coefficients of variation were more than two times greater than would be the case if they were maximally regulated. These results suggest that many natural populations are weakly regulated.
Ecology Letters (2010) 13: 21–31     

Synthesis and Biochemical Activity of 5-Tethered Carborane-Containing Pyrimidine Nucleosides as Potential Agents for DNA Incorporation

Abstract

Synthesis and biochemical evaluation of a series of 5-tethered carborane-containing pyrimidine nucleosides have been undertaken. The biochemical studies with human TK demonstrated that these compounds can be phosphorylated to the corresponding 5′-monophosphate and that the most significant conversion occurred when seven atoms were inserted between the carborane cage and the pyrimidine base, and of these the best was the one with saturated ester.