Hempseed protein hydrolysates’ effects on the proliferation and induced oxidative stress in normal and cancer cell lines

Food proteins from different sources can provide beneficial effects on human health by releasing the bioactive peptides that are integral part of their native structure. In this study, we tested the biological potential of hempseed protein hydrolysates (HPHs) obtained from hempseed cake protein isolate. The HPHs were prepared by enzyme hydrolysis using three different proteases of microbial origin: Alcalase®, Neutrase® and Protamex®. The antioxidant activity of the obtained hydrolysates was determined by oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) assay, while the proliferative effects on normal (HaCaT) and cancer (HeLa) cells were determined by the CellTiter 96^® AQ_ueous One Solution Reagent (MTS) assay. HPHs showed dose-dependent antiproliferative effects on HeLa cells and stimulatory effects on the proliferation of HaCaT cells. HPH obtained by Neutrase^® (HPH-N) showed the highest antioxidant activity expressed as an ORAC value. The protective effect of HPH-N on H₂O₂-induced oxidative stress in normal and cancer cells was evaluated and 1 mg/mL of HPH-N significantly reduced the formation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) in both cell lines. The obtained results indicate the benefits of HPHs as potential natural antioxidants for the food industry and contribute to the growing trend of utilizing hempseed by-products.

     

Synthesis and structure of Sb←O intramolecularly coordinated ethynylstibanes

The reaction of OCO chelated organolithium compound LLi (1) (L = 2,6-(t-BuOCH₂)₂C₆H₃) with SbCl₃ in 2:1 molar ratio gave diorganoantimony compound L₂SbCl (2). The reactions of the compound 2 with selected lithium acetylides resulted to the Sb←O coordinated antimony acetylides L₂Sb(CCR) (R = Ph, (3), t-Bu (4), Me₃Si (5)). All studied compounds were characterized by the help of elemental analysis, ¹H and ¹³C NMR spectroscopy and IR spectroscopy. Molecular structures of the compounds 2-4 were determined using the X-ray diffraction technique in the solid state.     

Synthesis and properties of macrolones characterized by two ether bonds in the linker

In this paper synthesis of macrolones 1–18 starting from azithromycin is reported. Two key steps in the construction of the linker between macrolide and quinolone moiety, are formation of central ether bond by alkylation of unactivated OH group, and formation of terminal C–C bond at 6-position of the quinolone unit. Due to the difficulty in formation of these two bonds the study of alternative synthetic methodologies and optimization of the conditions for the selected routes was required. Formation of C-4″-O-ether bond was completed by modified Michael addition, whereas O-alkylation via diazonium cation proved to be the most effective in formation of the central allylic or propargylic ether bond. Comparison of Heck and Sonogashira reaction revealed the former as preferred route to the C–C bond formation at C(6) position of the quinolone unit. Most of the target compounds exhibited highly favorable antibacterial activity against common respiratory pathogens, without significant cytotoxicity profile when tested in vitro on eukaryotic cell lines.