Identification of Some Promising Heterocycles Useful in Treatment of Allergic Rhinitis: Virtual Screening,Pharmacophore Mapping,Molecular Docking,and Molecular Dynamics

Russian Journal of Bioorganic Chemistry - Rhinitis is an allergic disease that causes troubles and restlessness for patients. In this research work we will focus on finding promising organic...     

Effect of soil and litter type on outgrowth patterns of mycelial systems of Phanerochaete velutina

Abstract: The outgrowth patterns of Phanerochaete velutina from woody resources varied depending on the soil/litter type. There were clear differences in mycelial extension rate, time between contact with and emergence from baits, mycelial biomass, and extra-resource mycelial responses to contact with new resources depending on soil type, though there was little difference between fractal dimension, i.e. space filling, of mycelia with time or soil/litter type. In a few replicates, particularly in components from the Lawson's cypress stand, mycelia sometimes became brownish colour, ceased growth and eventually disintegrated. In litter the pattern of mycelial development was quite different from that in soil due to subsurface growth in which needles were often colonised. In humus, mycelial development was somewhat similar to that in soil.     

Repellency of pheromones released by females of Heliothis armigera and H. zea to females of both species

An olfactometer was used to determine the effect of pheromones released by females of the bollworms Heliothis armigera (Hübner) and H. zea (Boddie) on females of the same species. Four combinations of virgin and mated females were tested for repellency of one to the other. Evidence is presented that females of the two bollworms were repelled by females of the same species. In addition, extracts of virgin female abdomens of each species repelled virgin females of the other species.

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Résumé L'examen en olfactomètre a porté sur les réactions face à d'autres femelles de la même espèce, de femelles vierges ou ayant copulé d'Heliothis armigera Hübner et H. zea Boddie. Le lot comprenait 8 femelles, vierges ou ayant copulé en présence d'une femelle vierge ou ayant copulé. Les 4 combinaisons possibles de femelles vierges et de femelles ayant copulé ont été examinées avec 12 répétitions pour chaque espèce. Un extrait de l'extrémité de l'abdomen de femelles vierges d'une espèce a été présenté aux femelles de l'autre espèce pour examiner les possibilités de réactions interspécifiques aux phéromones.Pour chaque espèce, les réactions interspécifiques de répulsion entre femelles ont été hautement significatives par rapport aux témoins, à l'exception toutefois des réactions de femelle ayant copulé face à des femelles ayant elles aussi copulé. Les répulsions moyennes chez H. armigera et H. zea pour les 8 femelles de chaque expérience ont été: a) vierges en présence d'une vierge: 7,33 et 7,66; b) vierges en présence d'une femelles ayant copulé: 5,76 et 5,58; c) femelles ayant copulé en présence d'une vierge: 4,67 et 4,83. Les différences sont hautement significatives entre chaque paire de moyennes et entre chaque paire et le lot témoin; 3,17; 3,17; 3,42; 4,00 pour H. armigera; 3,17; 3,50; 2,83 et 3,75 pour H. zea.Les femelles vierges des deux espèces, H. armigera et H. zea ont présenté une réaction de répulsion en présence d'un extrait de l'abdomen de l'autre espèce; les répulsions moyennes étant respectivement 5,53 et 5,33 contre 3,83 et 3,58 pour le lot trémoin.On peut en conclure que ces répulsions doivent entraîner une tendance à la répartition uniforme.

     

Human and natural impacts on forests along lower Tana river,Kenya: implications towards conservation and management of endemic primate species and their habitat

Seventy-three forest patches were assessed to determine the effects of human and natural impact on native forests along the Lower Tana River flood plains in Kenya between January and March 2001. Seventeen of these forests were within the Tana River Primate National Reserve (TRPNR) while 56 were outside the protected area. Cultivation and dyke construction had the most devastating human impact, which involved partial or complete forest clearing resulting in further fragmentation of forest patches [Suleman MA, Wahungu GM, Mouria PK, Karere GM, Oguge N, Moinde NN (2001) Tana River primate census and forest evaluation. A report to Kenya Wildlife Services]. Natural impacts were either die back or flooding, which appeared to cause progressive degradation of forest structure and biodiversity. Overall, forest area in the Lower Tana significantly reduced by 34.5% (P < 0.001) over a 21-year period. Forest loss was greater outside the reserve (38%) than inside (29.2%) reiterating the significant role played by this protected area in habitat and species conservation. Continued forest loss increases extinction risks for the endemic primate species the Tana River Red Colobus (Procolobus rufomitratus) and the Crested Mangabey sub-species (Cercocebus galeritus galeritus). Initiation of community conservation programmes outside the reserve and introduction of sustainable micro-economic projects were recommended to enhance sustainable livelihoods and the environment.     

A one-minute oxidase test to detect Vibrio strains isolated from cultures on thiosulphate-citrate-bile salts-sucrose (TCBS) medium.

Vibrio cholerae is oxidase positive, a primary characteristic used to differentiate it from Enterobacteriaceae. But false negative oxidase test results have been obtained with colonies from thiosulphate-citrate-bile salts-sucrose (TCBS) agar medium. A rapid oxidase test procedure is described here. This takes 1 min, avoids false negative results and the necessity to grow the bacteria in a general-purpose medium. The bacteria may be recovered after the test and used for further investigations.     

A one-minute oxidase test to detect Vibrio strains isolated from cultures on thiosulphate-citrate-bile salts-sucrose (TCBS) medium

J. VILA, S. ABDALLA, J. GONZALEZ, C. GARCIA, J. A. BOMBI AND M.T. JIMENEZ. 1992. Vibrio cholerae is oxidase positive, a primary characteristic used to differentiate it from Enterobacteriaceae. But false negative oxidase test results have been obtained with colonies from thiosulphate-citrate-bile salts-sucrose (TCBS) agar medium. A rapid oxidase test procedure is described here. This takes 1 min, avoids false negative results and the necessity to grow the bacteria in a general-purpose medium. The bacteria may be recovered after the test and used for further investigations.     

Application of Metarhizium flavoviride (Deuteromycotina: Hyphomycetes) Spores Against the Tree Locust, Anacridium melanorhodon (Orthoptera: Acrididae), in Sudan

Spores of the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium flavoviride were applied against the tree locust Anacridium melanorhodon melanorhodon in the field for the first time. The treated areas covered a total of 55 ha in the vicinity of Tendelti in the White Nile State of Sudan. At a dose of 100 g of spores/ha applied in 5 l of oil formulation, the application led to a reduction in population densities of 66-76% after 18 days. Correction of the data with the Henderson/ Tilton formula gave an overall control efficiency of 68%.