Biological Conversion of Benzoic Acid in Lemna paucicostata 151 and its Relation to Flower Induction

Benzoic acid, known to induce flowering in Lemnaceae, was shownto be converted to four major compunds in Lemna paucicostata151. These compounds were isolated and determined to be N-benzoylaspartate, benzyl 6-O-ßdD-apiofuranosyl-ß-D-glucopyranoside,O-benzoyl isocitrate and O-benzoyl malate. (Received November 2, 1987; Accepted January 23, 1988)     

Endogenous Gibberellins in the Vegetative Shoots of Tall and Dwarf Cultivars of Phaseolus vulgaris L.

A series of 13-hydroxygibberellins, gibberellin A₁ (GA₁), GA₁₉,GA₂₀, GA₄₄ and GA₅₃, were identified by GC/MS (full scan) fromvegetative shoots of tall (cv. Kentucky Wonder) and dwarf (cv.Masterpiece) Phaseolus vulgaris L. It is suggested that GA₁is active per se in the control of shoot elongation of P. vulgarisL., and that dwarfism in Masterpiece is not due to shortageof the active GA, but to its low ability to respond to the bioactiveGA. (Received August 29, 1988; Accepted November 21, 1988)     

Trails to the gibberellin receptor,GIBBERELLIN INSENSITIVE DWARF1

The researches on the identification of gibberellin receptor are reviewed from the early attempts in 1960s to the identification of GIBBERELLIN INSENSITIVE DWARF1 (GID1) as the receptor in 2005. Unpublished data of the gibberellin-binding protein in the seedlings of adzuki bean (Vigna angularis) are also included, suggesting that the active principle of the gibberellin-binding protein was a GID1 homolog.     

Gibberellins and Growth Inhibitors in Spring Bleeding Sap, Roots and Branches of Juglans regia L.

The main gibberellin found in the spring bleeding sap of thewalnut tree was identified as GA₁₉ and quantified by gas chromatography-selectedion monitoring (817 pg/ml). The second minor gibberellin (12pg GA₃-equiv./ml) was chromatographically similar to GA₅₃. Bothgibberellins occur in their free forms and as neutral ester-likeconjugates. In the roots, these free gibberellins and an additionalgibberellin glucoside-like component were found in late winter. In the bleeding sap, branches and roots, abscisic acid was identifiedby gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. In the sap, itsamount was determined to be 34 ng/ml. ABA was not found in aconjugated form, but the branches contained a neutral ester-likeconjugate of 4'-dihydrophaseic acid, an ABA metabolite, whichafter hydrolysis was identified by combined gas chromatography-massspectrometry. (Received March 28, 1981; Accepted November 16, 1981)     

Monoclonal Antibodies Specific for Non-Derivatized Gibberellins I. Preparation of Monoclonal Antibodies against GA4 and Their Use in Immunoaffinity Column Chromatography

Cell lines producing monoclonal antibodies specific for non-derivatizedgibberellins (GAs) were prepared from spleen cells of a mouseimmunized with an immunogen that carried 16-substituted GA₄as a hapten. The conditions for association and dissociationof antibody-hapten complexes were examined to determine themost effective procedure for immunoaffinity chromatography.The final procedure adopted was proven to be very effectiveby its application to the analysis of GAs in the anthers ofrice and immature seeds of Phaseolus vulgaris ⁴Present address: Department of Agricultural Chemistry, UtsunomiyaUniversity, Mine-machi 350, Utsunomiya, 321 Japan (Received August 8, 1990; Accepted March 7, 1991)     

Radioimmunoassay for brassinosteroids and its use for comparative analysis of brassinosteroids in stems and seeds ofPhaseolus vulgaris

Antiserum against the brassinosteroid (BR), castasterone, was produced by immunizing a rabbit with castasterone-carboxymethoxylamine oxime conjugated with bovine serum albumin (BSA). In a radioimmunoassay (RIA), the antiserum recognized a range of naturally occurring BRs with varying specificities. Detection limits of castasterone and brassinolide were approximately 0.3 pmol. This RIA system was successfully used for analyzing endogenous BRs in seeds and stems ofPhaseolus vulgaris L., and showed that stems are quite different from seeds in terms of the species and quantity of the endogenous BRs.