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41.
Kimio Uematsu Masatoshi Nakajima Isomaro Yamaguchi Koichi Yoneyama Yasuhisa Fukui 《Journal of Plant Growth Regulation》2007,26(3):245-254
Adenosine 3′,5′-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) is known as a key second messenger in many living organisms, regulating a wide
range of cellular responses. In higher plants the function of cAMP is poorly understood. In this study, we examined the role
of cAMP in seed germination of the root parasitic plant Orobanche minor whose seeds require preincubation in warm moist environments for several days, termed conditioning, prior to exposure to
germination stimulants released from roots of host plants. Accumulation of endogenous cAMP was observed in the conditioned
O. minor seeds. When the seeds were exposed to light or supraoptimal temperature during the conditioning period, cAMP did not accumulate
and the seeds showed low germination rates after stimulation with strigol, a germination stimulant. Addition of membrane-permeable
cAMP to the medium restored the germination rates of the seeds treated with light or supraoptimal temperature during the conditioning
period, suggesting that cAMP functions during the conditioning period. The endogenous cAMP levels of the seeds conditioned
in the light or at a supraoptimal temperature were elevated by treatment of the seeds with gibberellin (GA) during the conditioning
period. Uniconazole, a potent inhibitor of GA biosynthesis, blocked elevation of the cAMP level. Furthermore, a correlation
between the endogenous cAMP level and GA level was observed during the conditioning period. These results suggest that GAs
elevate the cAMP level, which is required for the germination of O. minor seeds. 相似文献
42.
Multiple loss-of-function of Arabidopsis gibberellin receptor AtGID1s completely shuts down a gibberellin signal 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
Iuchi S Suzuki H Kim YC Iuchi A Kuromori T Ueguchi-Tanaka M Asami T Yamaguchi I Matsuoka M Kobayashi M Nakajima M 《The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology》2007,50(6):958-966
Arabidopsis carries three receptor genes for the phytohormone gibberellin (GA), AtGID1a, AtGID1b and AtGID1c. Expression of each gene in the rice gid1-1 mutant for GA receptors causes reversion of its severely dwarfed phenotype and GA insensitivity to a normal level, even though each loss-of-function mutant shows no clear phenotype in Arabidopsis (Nakajima et al., 2006). In this paper, we report the functional redundancy and specificity of each AtGID1 by analyzing the multiple mutants for loss of function. Seeds of the double knockout mutants atgid1a atgid1b, atgid1a atgid1c and atgid1b atgid1c germinated normally. The double knockout mutant atgid1a atgid1c showed a dwarf phenotype, while other double mutants were of normal height compared to the wild-type. The stamens of the double knockout mutant atgid1a atgid1b were significantly shorter than those of the wild-type, and this leads to low fertility. A severe disarrangement of the pattern on its seed surface was also observed. The triple knockout mutant atgid1a atgid1b atgid1c did not germinate voluntarily, and only started to grow when the seed coat was peeled off after soaking. Seedlings of the triple knockout mutants were severe dwarfs, only a few millimeters high after growing for 1 month. Moreover, the triple knockout seedlings completely lost their ability to respond to exogenously applied GA. These results show that all AtGID1s function as GA receptors in Arabidopsis, but have specific role(s) for growth and development. 相似文献
43.
Isomaro Yamaguchi Takao Yokota Noboru Murofushi Yukiyoshi Ogawa Nobutaka Takahashi 《Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry》2013,77(9):1439-1441
New antibiotics, T1801 A, B, C, and D, were isolated from the culture broth of Pseudomonas sp. SC-1801. Their structures were found by spectroscopic analyses to be tri- and tetra(methylthio) derivatives of hydro quinone (T1801 A and C) or p-benzoquinone (T1801 B and D). They are new quinone and hydroquinone antibiotics and are active against Gram-positive bacteria, some fungi, and yeasts. 相似文献
44.
45.
Immunomodulation of bioactive gibberellin confers gibberellin-deficient phenotypes in plants 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Immunomodulation is a means to modulate an organism's function by antibody production to capture either endogenous or exogenous antigens. This method was applied to plants to repress the function of gibberellins (GAs), a class of phytohormones responsible for plant elongation, by anti-bioactive GA antibodies. Two different antibodies were produced in Arabidopsis as single-chain variable fragment (scFv) fused to green fluorescent protein (GFP) with four different subcellular localizations: endoplasmic reticulum (ER), cytosol, apoplastic space or the outer surface of the plasma membrane. When targeting scFv-GFP to ER, plants showed the highest accumulation of scFv-GFP, with binding activity, strong GFP fluorescence in ER-derived compartments and mild but clear GA-deficient phenotypes, including a smaller leaf size, delayed bolting, shorter inflorescence length and decreased germination. Plants expressing scFv-GFP in ER responded to exogenous GA4 and contained 15–40 times greater endogenous GA4 than wild-type plants. They also showed increased gene expression for GA3ox1 , GA20ox1 and GA20ox2 , but decreased expression for GA2ox1 , which are feedback and feedforward regulated by GA signalling, respectively. These results suggest that the level of free functional GA4 decreased when trapped in the ER with scFv to the extent that mild GA-deficient phenotypes were created. A dramatic increase in the total sum of GA4 (free plus scFv-GFP bound) was detected as a result of the up-regulation of GA biosynthesis (feedback regulated), and a decrease in GA4 catabolism as a result of protection by scFv-GFP binding. This study demonstrates that the use of immunomodulation to inhibit the action of bioactive GAs is an effective method of creating GA-deficient plants. 相似文献
46.
Arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs) are highly glycosylated extracellular glycoproteins playing important roles in plant growth and development. We have previously reported the possibility that AGPs are involved in the induction of alpha-amylase by gibberellin (GA) in barley aleurone layers by using the beta-glucosyl Yariv reagent (beta-GlcY), which has been presumed to specifically bind AGPs. In this present study, we isolated beta-GlcY-reactive proteins from rice bran rich in aleurone cells. The N-terminal sequences of classical AGP and AG peptides were determined from hydrophilic fractions obtained by reversed phase HPLC. Interestingly, a novel non-specific lipid transfer protein-like protein (OsLTPL1) and a novel early nodulin-like protein (OsENODL1) were also identified in the more hydrophobic fractions from HPLC as beta-GlcY-reactive proteins. Expression analysis of the genes coding for these proteins was performed. While classical AGP, AG peptides and OsLTPL1 were expressed in various parts of rice, OsENODL1 showed temporally and spatially specific expression in the aleurone layers. This new beta-GlcY-reactive protein is a promising candidate for the extracellular signaling factors of GA action in cereal seeds. Furthermore, the possibility that proteins with the AG glycomodule might react with beta-GlcY may broaden the definition of AGPs. 相似文献
47.
48.
A dwarf mutant strain of Pharbitis nil, Uzukobito (kobito), has defective brassinosteroid biosynthesis 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Suzuki Y Saso K Fujioka S Yoshida S Nitasaka E Nagata S Nagasawa H Takatsuto S Yamaguchi I 《The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology》2003,36(3):401-410
Japanese morning glory (Pharbitis nil) is a model plant characterized by a large stock of spontaneous mutants. The recessive mutant Uzukobito shows strong dwarfism with dark-green rugose leaves. The phenotype was rescued by the application of brassinolide, a bioactive brassinosteroid (BR), indicating that Uzukobito was a BR-deficient mutant. A detailed analysis of the endogenous BR levels in Uzukobito and its parental wild-type plant showed that Uzukobito had a lower level of BRs downstream of (24R)-24-methyl-5alpha-cholestan-3-one and (22S, 24R)-22-hydroxy-24-methyl-5alpha-cholestan-3-one than those in wild-type plants, while their immediate precursors (24R)-24-methylcholest-4-en-3-one and (22S, 24R)-22-hydroxy-24-methylcholest-4-en-3-one accumulated relatively more in Uzukobito. These results indicate that Uzukobito had a defect in the conversion of (24R)-24-methylcholest-4-en-3-one and (22S, 24R)-22-hydroxy-24-methylcholest-4-en-3-one to their 5alpha-reduced forms, which is catalyzed by de-etiolated2 (DET2) in Arabidopsis. The P. nil ortholog of the DET2 gene (PnDET2) was cloned and shown to have the greatest similarity to DET2 among all the putative genes in Arabidopsis. Uzukobito had one amino acid substitution from Glu62 to Val62 in the deduced amino acid sequence of PnDET2. Recombinant PnDET2 expressed in COS-7 cells was found to be a functional steroid 5alpha-reductase (S5alphaR) converting (24R)-24-methylcholest-4-en-3-one to (24R)-24-methyl-5alpha-cholestan-3-one, while PnDET2 with the mutation did not show any catalytic activity. This shows that a plant S5alphaR can convert an intrinsic substrate. All these results clearly demonstrate that the Uzukobito phenotype resulted from a mutation on PnDET2, and a morphological mutant has been characterized at the molecular level among a large stock of P. nil mutants. 相似文献
49.
Using NMR spectroscopy and simulated annealing calculations, we determined the solution structure of the disulfide-linked cyclized decapeptide ACLPWSDGPC (SD), which is bound to an anti-(gibberellin A(4)) mAb 4-B8(8)/E9 and was found to be the first peptidyl mimotope for a hydrophobic ligand. The resulting structure of the peptide showed a beta-turn-like conformation in residues three to seven and the region converges well (average rmsd 0.54 A). The binding activity and the epitopes of the peptide to the antibody were assessed using saturation transfer difference (STD)-NMR experiments. We also conducted docking simulations between the peptide and the mAb to determine how the peptide is bound to the mAb. Resonances around the beta-turn-like conformation of peptide SD (residues 3-5) showed strong STD enhancement, which agreed well with results from docking simulation between peptide SD and the mAb. Together with the commonality of amino acid residues of the mAb involved in interactions with gibberellin A(4) (GA(4)) and peptide SD, we concluded that peptide SD is bound to the antigen-binding site of mAb 4-B8(8)/E9 as a GA(4) mimic, confirming evidence for the existence of peptide mimics even for hydrophobic ligands. 相似文献
50.