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101.
102.
Lagaud G Karicheti V Knot HJ Christ GJ Laher I 《American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology》2002,283(6):H2177-H2186
The effects of two structurally distinct inhibitors of gap junction communication were studied by using three different forms of vasoconstriction in pressurized rat middle cerebral arteries. The sensitivity of myogenic tone (at 60 mmHg), vasopressin-induced tone (10 nM, at 20 mmHg), and depolarizing solution-induced tone (80 mM K(+), at 20 mmHg) to inhibition by heptanol (1.0 microM to 3.0 mM) or 18alpha-glycyrrhetinic acid (18alpha-GA, 1.0 to 50 microM) were determined. Pressure-induced myogenic tone was inhibited by heptanol (IC(50) = 0.75 +/- 0.09 mM) and 18alpha-GA ( approximately 30 microM). Vasopressin-induced vasoconstriction was also inhibited by heptanol (IC(50) = 0.4 +/- 0.3 mM) and 18alpha-GA (>1 microM). Depolarizing solution-induced vasoconstriction was less sensitive to inhibition by heptanol compared to vasopressin (P < 0.01) or pressure-induced constriction (P < 0.05). However, 18alpha-GA did not inhibit depolarization-induced constriction. Sharp microelectrode experiments on isolated arteries revealed stable membrane potentials, with no detectable effect of heptanol (1 mM) or 18alpha-GA (20-30 microM) on the average membrane potential at 20 mmHg. However, approximately 20% of impaled cells (5 of 28) exhibited uncharacteristic oscillations in membrane potential after pharmacological uncoupling. At 60 mmHg a approximately 7- to 9-mV hyperpolarization and corresponding vasodilation (approximately 50%) was observed, and the frequency of membrane potential oscillations doubled (9 of 23 cells). These data indicate that gap junctions play an important role in the maintenance and modulation of membrane potential and tone in cerebral resistance arteries. 相似文献
103.
El-hamid Ismail A Abdel Aleem AA Abdel Bary H El-Assaly S 《Nucleosides, nucleotides & nucleic acids》2002,21(6-7):469-475
2-Naphthylsulfonylhydrazine was reacted with aromatic aldehydes or aldehydo sugars to give the corresponding hydrazones which undergo Michael addition reactions with malononitrile or ethyl cyanoacetate to form pyrazole derivatives. 相似文献
104.
105.
De Haan JB Crack PJ Flentjar N Iannello RC Hertzog PJ Kola I 《Redox report : communications in free radical research》2003,8(2):69-79
Aerobic cells are subjected to damaging reactive oxygen species (ROS) as a consequence of oxidative metabolism and/or exposure to environmental toxins. Antioxidants limit this damage, yet peroxidative events occur when oxidant stress increases. This arises due to increased radical formation or decreased antioxidative defenses. The two-step enzymatic antioxidant pathway limits damage to important biomolecules by neutralising superoxides to water. However, an imbalance in this pathway (increased first-step antioxidants relative to second-step antioxidants) has been proposed as etiological in numerous pathologies. This review presents evidence that a shift in favor of hydrogen peroxide and/or lipid peroxides has pathophysiological consequences. The involvement of antioxidant genes in the regulation of redox status, and ultimately cellular homeostasis, is explored in murine transgenic and knockout models. The investigations of Sod1 transgenic cell-lines and mice, as well as Gpx1 knockout mice (both models favor H(2)O(2) accumulation), are presented. Although in most instances accumulation of H(2)O(2) affects cellular function and leads to exacerbated pathology, this is not always the case. This review highlights those instances where, for example, increased Sod1 levels are beneficial, and indicates a role for superoxide radicals in pathogenesis. Studies of Gpx1 knockout mice (an important second-step antioxidant) lead us to conclude that Gpx1 functions as the primary protection against acute oxidative stress, particularly in neuropathological situations such as stroke and cold-induced head trauma, where high levels of ROS occur during reperfusion or in response to injury. In summary, these studies clearly highlight the importance of limiting ROS-induced cellular damage by maintaining a balanced enzymatic antioxidant pathway. 相似文献
106.
Rahmani M Susidarti RA Ismail HB Sukari MA Hin TY Lian GE Ali AM Kulip J Waterman PG 《Phytochemistry》2003,64(4):873-877
In a continuation of our study of the Rutaceae, detailed chemical investigation on Micromelum minutum (Rutaceae) collected from Sepilok, Sabah, Malaysia gave four new coumarins. The structures of the coumarins have been fully characterised by spectroscopic methods as 3",4"-dihydrocapnolactone 1, 2',3'-epoxyisocapnolactone 2, 8-hydroxyisocapnolactone-2',3'-diol 3 and 8-hydroxy-3",4"-dihydrocapnolactone-2',3'-diol 4. 相似文献
107.
Zinc efficiency is correlated with enhanced expression and activity of zinc-requiring enzymes in wheat 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
Zinc (Zn) is an essential micronutrient for plants. The ability of plants to maintain significant yields under low Zn is termed Zn efficiency (ZE) and its genetic and mechanistic basis is still not well understood. Previously, we showed that root Zn uptake did not play a role in ZE. In the current study, Zn-efficient and -inefficient wheat (Triticum aestivum) genotypes were grown for 13 d in chelate buffer nutrient solutions at low (0.1 pM), sufficient (150 pM), and high (1 microM) Zn(2+) activities and analyzed for root-to-shoot translocation of Zn, subcellular leaf Zn distribution, and activity and expression of the Zn-requiring enzymes in leaves. No correlation between ZE and Zn translocation to the shoot was found. Furthermore, total and water-soluble concentrations of leaf Zn were not associated with ZE, and no differences in subcellular Zn compartmentation were found between Zn-efficient and -inefficient genotypes. However, the expression and activity of the Zn-requiring enzymes copper (Cu)/Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD) and carbonic anhydrase did correlate with differences in ZE. Northern analysis suggested that Cu/ZnSOD gene expression was up-regulated in the Zn-efficient genotype, Kirgiz, but not in inefficient BDME. Under Zn deficiency stress, the very Zn-efficient genotype Kirgiz and moderately Zn-efficient Dagdas exhibited an increased activity of Cu/ZnSOD and carbonic anhydrase when compared with Zn-inefficient BDME. These results suggest that Zn-efficient genotypes may be able to maintain the functioning of Zn-requiring enzymes under low Zn conditions; thus, biochemical Zn utilization may be an important component of ZE in wheat. 相似文献
108.
This study was designed to investigate the effects of Nigella sativa L. (NS), known as black seed, or/and Urtica dioica L. (UD), known as stinging nettle root, treatments on serum Na, K, Cl, and Ca levels and some hematological values of CCl4-treated rats. Sixty healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats, weighing 250–300 g, were randomly allotted into 1 of 4 experimental
groups: A (CCl4-only treated), B (CCl4+UD treated), C (CCl4+NS treated), and D (CCl4+UD+NS treated), each containing 15 animals. All groups received CCl4 (0.8 mL/kg of body weight, subcutaneously, twice a week for 90 d starting d 1). In addition, B, C, and D groups also received
the daily ip injection of 0.2 mL/kg NS and/or 2 mL/kg UD oils for 45 d starting d 46. Group A, on the other hand, received
only 2 mL/kg normal saline solution for 45 d starting d 46. Blood samples for the biochemical analysis were taken by cardiac
puncture from five randomly chosen rats in each treatment group at the beginning, d 45, and d 90 of the experiment. The CCl4 treatment for 45 d significantly (p<0.05) increased the serum K and Ca and decreased (p<0.05) the red blood cell count (RBC), white blood cell count (WBC), packed cell volume (PCV), and Hb levels without changing (p>0.05) the serum Na and Cl levels. NS or UD treatments (alone or combination) for 45 d starting d 46 significantly (p<0.05) decreased the elevated serum K and Ca levels and also increased (p<0.05) the reduced RBC, WBC, PCV, and Hb levels. It is concluded that NS and/or UD treatments might ameliorate the CCl4-induced disturbances of anemia, some minerals, and body’s defense mechanism in CCl4-treated rats. 相似文献
109.
Ozturk A Baltaci AK Mogulkoc R Oztekin E Sivrikaya A Kurtoglu E Kul A 《Biological trace element research》2003,94(2):157-166
The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of zinc deficiency and supplementation on lipid peroxidation and glutathione
levels in blood and in some tissues of rats performing swimming exercise. Forty adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided
into four groups: group 1, zinc-deficient consisted of swimming rats; group 2 consisted of zinc-supplemented swimming rats;
groups 3 and 4 were the swimming and nonswimming controls, respectively. The levels of malondialdehyde and glutathione were
measured after 4 wk of zinc-deficient or zinc-supplemented diet and 30 min of swimming exercise daily.
The erythrocyte glutathione levels of groups 2 and 4 were significantly higher than those of groups 1 and 3 (p<0.01). The plasma malondialdehyde level of group 1 was significantly higher than all other groups. The glutathione levels
in liver, kidney, striated muscle, and testes of group 2 were higher than in the other groups (p<0.01) and higher in kidney and striated muscle of group 3 than in groups 1 and 4 (p<0.01). The tissue malondialdehyde levels of striated muscle, liver, kidney, and testes of group 1 were significantly higher
than for all other groups (p<0.01). Our findings suggest that both swimming exercise and zinc deficiency result in an increase of lipid peroxidation in
tissues and that zinc supplementation prevents these alterations by the activation of the antioxidant system. 相似文献
110.
Ciftçi M Demir Y Ozmen I Atici O 《Journal of enzyme inhibition and medicinal chemistry》2003,18(1):71-76
The present study was undertaken to determine in vivo and in vitro effects of some plant growth regulators on rat erythrocyte carbonic anhydrase (CA) and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) activities. Both in vivo and in vitro, spermidine and kinetin did not affect enzymatic activities of CA and G6PD, whereas putrescine decreased these activities, and abscisic acid increased them. Since plants use such growth regulators, their effects should be considered on mammals consuming them since they may possess important biological effects. 相似文献