全文获取类型
收费全文 | 1436篇 |
免费 | 72篇 |
国内免费 | 1篇 |
专业分类
1509篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 23篇 |
2022年 | 32篇 |
2021年 | 59篇 |
2020年 | 36篇 |
2019年 | 27篇 |
2018年 | 47篇 |
2017年 | 38篇 |
2016年 | 50篇 |
2015年 | 63篇 |
2014年 | 76篇 |
2013年 | 126篇 |
2012年 | 120篇 |
2011年 | 106篇 |
2010年 | 61篇 |
2009年 | 53篇 |
2008年 | 70篇 |
2007年 | 63篇 |
2006年 | 55篇 |
2005年 | 46篇 |
2004年 | 46篇 |
2003年 | 44篇 |
2002年 | 33篇 |
2001年 | 12篇 |
2000年 | 12篇 |
1999年 | 17篇 |
1998年 | 9篇 |
1997年 | 10篇 |
1996年 | 10篇 |
1995年 | 6篇 |
1994年 | 14篇 |
1993年 | 11篇 |
1992年 | 9篇 |
1991年 | 6篇 |
1990年 | 9篇 |
1988年 | 8篇 |
1987年 | 10篇 |
1986年 | 8篇 |
1985年 | 7篇 |
1984年 | 8篇 |
1983年 | 5篇 |
1982年 | 6篇 |
1979年 | 6篇 |
1977年 | 5篇 |
1976年 | 3篇 |
1973年 | 4篇 |
1972年 | 3篇 |
1971年 | 5篇 |
1970年 | 4篇 |
1969年 | 5篇 |
1966年 | 3篇 |
排序方式: 共有1509条查询结果,搜索用时 10 毫秒
71.
Abdulkadir Kucukbayrak Saadet Cakmak Ismail Necati Hakyemez Tekin Tas Hayrettin Akdeniz 《Folia microbiologica》2013,58(4):343-347
Since the 1990s, blood donors have been scanned for anti-hepatitis C virus (anti-HCV) antibodies, which can be defined by enzyme immunoassay as a screening test. In this population, false-reactive ratios have been high. Recently, some authors have aimed to find a cutoff value for anti-HCV different from those established by test manufacturers to predict HCV infection. In this study, 321 patients, after two repeating tests, had reactive results in s/co <10 titers on anti-HCV test. The patients were 29.6 % (n?=?95) in women and 70.4 % (n?=?226) in men. The patients were classified into three groups by Western blot (WB) results (PS, positive; NG, negative; and ID, indeterminate). The average anti-HCV titer of the whole group was 2.61?±?1.96. Anti-HCV titers of subgroups were 2.43?±?1.95 in NG, 4.93?±?2.53 in PS, and 2.50?±?1.65 in ID (p?<?0.001). There was a significant difference between NG and PS and between PS and ID subgroups (p?<?0.001). There was a positive correlation between WB and anti-HCV titers in all patients (r?=?0.298, p?<?0.001), in women (r?=?0.282, p?<?0.001), and in men (r?=?0.337, p?=?0.002). According to receiver operator characteristic curve analysis, the cutoff value of anti-HCV titer to predict hepatitis C infection was >2.61 s/co, with 74.1 % sensitivity and 71.6 % specificity (area under the curve, 0.820; 95 % confidence interval, 0.753 to 0.887). We suggest that an effective cutoff value for anti-HCV other than that established by the manufacturer cannot be assigned to predict hepatitis C infection for blood donors in low-prevalence areas. 相似文献
72.
73.
Ismail Saadoun Layali Wahiby Qotaiba Ababneh Ziad Jaradat Muhannad Massadeh Fouad Al-Momani 《World journal of microbiology & biotechnology》2008,24(2):157-162
A total of 161 different Streptomyces isolates were recovered from 5 soil samples representing the driest habitats of Jordan. These were then characterized and
assessed for their antagonistic activity against four clinical multi-drug resistant Pseudomonas
aeruginosa test pathogens. Results indicated that only 3 strains out of 139 and 6 out of 22 isolated at 27°C and 45°C, respectively,
were active against at least three strains of pathogenic Pseudomonas. However, three Streptomyces strains (J2b, J4, and J12) that were isolated at 45°C inhibited all of the tested pathogens with an inhibition zone ranging between 5 and 16 mm in
diameter. Data obtained from comparing the inhibition activity of these unique Streptomyces strains toward multi-resistant Pseudomonas pathogens with standard used antibiotics revealed that these isolates produce possible different inhibitory bioactive compounds
other than the standard antibiotics. 相似文献
74.
Iqbal Ahmad Kiran Qadeer Saima Zahid Muhammad Ali Sheraz Tehmina Ismail Waqar Hussain Izhar Ahmad Ansari 《AAPS PharmSciTech》2014,15(5):1324-1333
The degradation kinetics of 5 × 10−5 M cyanocobalamin (B12) and hydroxocobalamin (B12b) in the presence of ascorbic acid (AH2) was studied in the pH range of 1.0–8.0. B12 is degraded to B12b which undergoes oxidation to corrin ring cleavage products. B12b alone is directly oxidized to the ring cleavage products. B12 and B12b in degraded solutions were simultaneously assayed by a two-component spectrometric method at 525 and 550 nm without interference from AH2. Both degrade by first-order kinetics and the values of the rate constants at pH 1.0–8.0 range from 0.08 to 1.05 × 10−5 s−1 and 0.22–7.62 × 10−5 s−1, respectively, in the presence of 0.25 × 10−3 M AH2. The t1/2 values of B12 and B12b range from 13.7 to 137.5 h and 2.5–87.5 h, respectively. The second-order rate constants for the interaction of AH2 with B12 and B12b are 0.05–0.28 × 10−2 and 1.10–30.08 × 10−2 M−1 s−1, respectively, indicating a greater effect of AH2 on B12b compared to that of B12. The kobs–pH profiles for both B12 and B12b show the highest rates of degradation around pH 5. The degradation of B12 and B12b by AH2 is affected by the catalytic effect of phosphate ions on the oxidation of AH2 in the pH range 6.0–8.0.KEY WORDS: ascorbic acid, cyanocobalamin, degradation, hydroxocobalamin, kinetics, two-component spectrometry 相似文献
75.
The study aimed to investigate the association between MTHFR C677T, ENPP1 K121Q, and ADIPOQ 45 T/G gene polymorphisms and incidence of myocardial infarction (MI) in Egyptian patients. The study included 60 unrelated patients suffering from their first MI and 60 unrelated controls. Patients were recruited from Kasr-El Eini hospital, Cairo University. The previously mentioned polymorphisms were determined in all participants by PCR–RFLP. There was no significant difference in the distribution of genotypes and alleles of MTHFR C677T between groups. In contrast, significant difference was found in the distributions of genotypes and alleles of ENPP1 K121Q and ADIPOQ 45 T/G between MI patients and controls (P = 0.01, P = 0.004, P = 0.009, P = 0.001, respectively). Univariate analysis revealed that 121Q ENPP1 and 45 G ADIPOQ alleles were associated with the increased risk of MI (OR = 3; 95 % CI = 1.45–6.2; P = 0.004 and OR = 5.8; 95 % CI = 1.92–17.54; P = 0.001, respectively). The mutant homozygous genotypes of MTHFR, ENPP1, and ADIPOQ were more prevalent in diabetic hypertensive MI patients than it was among non-diabetic normotensive MI patients. Regarding the coagulation profile, INR (P = 0.009) and PC % (P = 0.022) were significantly different among the three genotypes of MTHFR C677T. The 677 T, 121 Q, and 45G variants were associated with MI in Egyptian patients; however, more studies are needed to determine the possible protective effect for these polymorphisms in our population. 相似文献
76.
Multi‐isotype antibody responses against the multimeric Salmonella Typhi recombinant hemolysin E antigen 下载免费PDF全文
Eugene Boon Beng Ong Joshua Ignatius Amy Amilda Anthony Ismail Aziah Asma Ismail Theam Soon Lim 《Microbiology and immunology》2015,59(1):43-47
The detection and measurement of different antibody isotypes in the serum provide valuable indicators of the different stages of typhoid infection. Here, the ability of S. Typhi recombinant hemolysin E (HlyE) to detect multi‐isotype antibody responses in sera of patients with typhoid and paratyphoid A was investigated using an indirect antibody immunoassay. Nanogram amounts of HlyE were found to be sufficient for detection of IgG and IgA isotypes and, in a study of individuals' sera (n = 100), the immunoassay was able to distinguish between typhoid and non‐typhoid sera. The overall sensitivity, specificity and efficiency of the ELISA were 70% (39/56), 100% (44/44) and 83% respectively. 相似文献
77.
Ismail Eş Maycon Carvalho Ribeiro Samuel Rodrigues dos Santos Júnior Amin Mousavi Khaneghah Armando Garcia Rodriguez André Corrêa Amaral 《Bioprocess and biosystems engineering》2016,39(10):1487-1500
The whole-cell immobilization on chitosan matrix was evaluated. Bacillus sp., as producer of CGTase, was grown in solid-state and batch cultivation using three types of starches (cassava, potato and cornstarch). Biomass growth and substrate consumption were assessed by flow cytometry and modified phenol–sulfuric acid assays, respectively. Qualitative analysis of CGTase production was determined by colorless area formation on solid culture containing phenolphthalein. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis demonstrated that bacterial cells were immobilized on chitosan matrix efficiently. Free cells reached very high numbers during batch culture while immobilized cells maintained initial inoculum concentration. The maximum enzyme activity achieved by free cells was 58.15 U ml?1 (36 h), 47.50 U ml?1 (36 h) and 68.36 U ml?1 (36 h) on cassava, potato and cornstarch, respectively. CGTase activities for immobilized cells were 82.15 U ml?1 (18 h) on cassava, 79.17 U ml?1 (12 h) on potato and 55.37 U ml?1 (in 6 h and max 77.75 U ml?1 in 36 h) on cornstarch. Application of immobilization technique increased CGTase activity significantly. The immobilized cells produced CGTase with higher activity in a shorter fermentation time comparing to free cells. 相似文献
78.
This study was designed to investigate the effects of Nigella sativa L. (NS), known as black seed, or/and Urtica dioica L. (UD), known as stinging nettle root, treatments on serum Na, K, Cl, and Ca levels and some hematological values of CCl4-treated rats. Sixty healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats, weighing 250–300 g, were randomly allotted into 1 of 4 experimental
groups: A (CCl4-only treated), B (CCl4+UD treated), C (CCl4+NS treated), and D (CCl4+UD+NS treated), each containing 15 animals. All groups received CCl4 (0.8 mL/kg of body weight, subcutaneously, twice a week for 90 d starting d 1). In addition, B, C, and D groups also received
the daily ip injection of 0.2 mL/kg NS and/or 2 mL/kg UD oils for 45 d starting d 46. Group A, on the other hand, received
only 2 mL/kg normal saline solution for 45 d starting d 46. Blood samples for the biochemical analysis were taken by cardiac
puncture from five randomly chosen rats in each treatment group at the beginning, d 45, and d 90 of the experiment. The CCl4 treatment for 45 d significantly (p<0.05) increased the serum K and Ca and decreased (p<0.05) the red blood cell count (RBC), white blood cell count (WBC), packed cell volume (PCV), and Hb levels without changing (p>0.05) the serum Na and Cl levels. NS or UD treatments (alone or combination) for 45 d starting d 46 significantly (p<0.05) decreased the elevated serum K and Ca levels and also increased (p<0.05) the reduced RBC, WBC, PCV, and Hb levels. It is concluded that NS and/or UD treatments might ameliorate the CCl4-induced disturbances of anemia, some minerals, and body’s defense mechanism in CCl4-treated rats. 相似文献
79.
Isolation and screening of potential actinobacteria for rapid composting of rice straw 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Rice straw is produced as a by-product from rice cultivation, which is composed largely of lignocellulosic materials amenable to general biodegradation. Lignocellulolytic actinobacteria can be used as a potential agent for rapid composting of bulky rice straw. Twenty-five actinobacteria isolates were isolated from various in situ and in vitro rice straw compost sources. Isolates A2, A4, A7, A9 and A24 were selected through enzymatic degradation of starch, cellulose and lignin followed by the screening for their adaptability on rice straw powder amended media. The best adapted isolate (A7) was identified as Micromonospora carbonacea. It was able to degrade cellulose, hemicelluloses and carbon significantly (P ≤ 0.05) over the control. C/N ratio was reduced to 18.1 from an initial value of 29.3 in 6 weeks of composting thus having the potential to be used in large scale composting of rice straw. 相似文献
80.
Candida albicans secretes both hydroxamate and phenolate-type siderophores when grown under iron-restricted conditions. The inhibition of candidal growth by iron limitation was reversed by the addition of supplemental hydroxamate on phenolate siderophores. Both siderophores produced equal stimulation of growth suggesting that C. albicans could utilize both siderophores with equal efficiency. Addition of heterologous siderophores from both bacteria and fungi also supported growth of the yeast in a deferrated medium. These results suggest that C. albicans has an iron-uptake mechanism which enables it to obtain iron by utilizing candidal and non-candidal siderophores. 相似文献