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131.
Nicola Francesca Ciro Sannino Giancarlo Moschetti Luca Settanni 《Annals of microbiology》2013,63(1):53-62
Two traditional sausage products (“salsiccia” and “salame”) processed from the raw meat of the Black Sicilian swine “Suino Nero dei Nebrodi” were microbiologically investigated during the manufacturing and ripening stages. Both products were dominated by lactic acid bacteria (LAB), especially rod-shaped types. The concentration of enterococci was consistent in salame. Coagulase-negative cocci increased slower than LAB. Yeasts showed an increasing trend during the ripening of both products. Enterobacteriaceae were counted at a constant level of about 105 CFU/g in both products, while pseudomonads diminished during ripening. Coagulase-positive staphylococci, Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella spp. were not detected at the end of the ripening process. Characterisation of LAB at the strain and species level revealed that Lactococcus lactis was found only in the meat mixture, while Lactobacillus sakei and various enterococci persisted during the monitoring period. Some LAB strains isolated from sausages were also identified on the surface of the factory equipment. Two strains (Lactobacillus sakei SS106A and Enterococcus faecalis SS91) were characterised by their anti-Listeria properties due to bacteriocin-like inhibitory substance production. A multiple strain starter composed of Lactobacillus sakei and enterococci has been proposed to maintain the typical characteristics of the two fermented meat products microbiologically investigated in this study. 相似文献
132.
Domenica Altavilla Ciro Famulari Maria Passaniti Giuseppe M. Campo Antonio MacrÌ Paolo Seminara 《Free radical research》2013,47(4):425-435
Increased lipid peroxidation, enhanced nuclear factor kappa-B (NF- s B) activation and augmented tumor necrosis factor- f (TNF- f ) production have been implicated in cerulein-induced pancreatitis. We investigated whether lipid peroxidation inhibition might reduce NF- s B activation and the inflammatory response in cerulein-induced pancreatitis. Male Sprague-Dawley rats of 230-250 g body weight received administration of cerulein (80 w g/kg s.c. for each of four injections at hourly intervals). A control group received four s.c. injections of 0.9% saline at hourly intervals. Animals were randomized to receive either raxofelast, an inhibitor of lipid peroxidation (20 mg/kg i.p. administered with the first cerulein injection) or its vehicle (1 ml/kg of a 10% DMSO/NaCl solution). All these rats were sacrificed 2 h after the last injection of either cerulein or its vehicle. Raxofelast administration (20 mg/kg i.p. with the first cerulein) significantly reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, an index of lipid peroxidation (CER+DMSO=3.075 - 0.54 w mol/g; CER+raxofelast= 0.693 - 0.18 w mol/g; p <0.001 ), decreased myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity ( CER+DMSO=22.2 - 3.54 mU/g; CER+raxofelast=9.07 - 2.05 mU/g; p <0.01 ), increased glutathione levels (GSH) (CER+DMSO= 5.21 - 1.79 w mol/g; CER+raxofelast=15.71 - 2.14 w mol/g; p <0.001 ), and reduced acinar cell damage evaluated by means of histology and serum levels of both amylase ( CER+DMSO=4063 - 707.9 U/l; CER+raxofelast=1198 - 214.4 U/l; p <0.001 ), and lipase (CER+DMSO=1654 - 330 U/l; CER+raxofelast= 386 - 118.2 U/l; p <0.001 ), Furthermore, raxofelast reduced pancreatic NF- s B activation and the TNF- f mRNA levels and tissue content of mature protein in the pancreas. Indeed, lipid peroxidation inhibition might be considered a potential therapeutic approach to prevent the severe damage in acute pancreatitis. 相似文献
133.
Tonyia Eaves-Pyles Jignesh Patel Emma Arigi Yingzi Cong Anthony Cao Nisha Garg Monisha Dhiman Richard B Pyles Bernard Arulanandam Aaron L Miller Vsevolod L Popov Lynn Soong Eric D Carlsen Ciro Coletta Csaba Szabo Igor C. Almeida 《Molecular medicine (Cambridge, Mass.)》2013,19(1):263-275
Cystatin 9 (CST9) is a member of the type 2 cysteine protease inhibitor family, which has been shown to have immunomodulatory effects that restrain inflammation, but its functions against bacterial infections are unknown. Here, we report that purified human recombinant (r)CST9 protects against the deadly bacterium Francisella tularensis (Ft) in vitro and in vivo. Macrophages infected with the Ft human pathogen Schu 4 (S4), then given 50 pg of rCST9 exhibited significantly decreased intracellular bacterial replication and increased killing via preventing the escape of S4 from the phagosome. Further, rCST9 induced autophagy in macrophages via the regulation of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathways. rCST9 promoted the upregulation of macrophage proteins involved in antiinflammation and antiapoptosis, while restraining proinflammatory-associated proteins. Interestingly, the viability and virulence of S4 also was decreased directly by rCST9. In a mouse model of Ft inhalation, rCST9 significantly decreased organ bacterial burden and improved survival, which was not accompanied by excessive cytokine secretion or subsequent immune cell migration. The current report is the first to show the immunomodulatory and antimicrobial functions of rCST9 against Ft. We hypothesize that the attenuation of inflammation by rCST9 may be exploited for therapeutic purposes during infection. 相似文献
134.
Chizzolini M Galan A Milan E Sebastiani A Costagliola C Parmeggiani F 《Current Genomics》2011,12(4):260-266
Inherited retinal dystrophies, such as retinitis pigmentosa (RP), include a group of relatively rare hereditary diseases caused by mutations in genes that code for proteins involved in the maintenance and function of the photoreceptor cells (cones and rods). The different forms of RP consist of progressive neurodegenerative disorders which are generally related to various and severe limitations of visual performances. In the course of typical RP (rod-cone dystrophy), the affected individuals first experience night-blindness and/or visual field constriction (secondary to rod dysfunctions), followed by variable alterations of the central vision (due to cone damages). On the other hand, during the atypical form of RP (cone-rod dystrophy), the cone's functionalities are prevalently disrupted in comparison with the rod's ones. The basic diagnosis of RP relies upon the documentation of unremitting loss in photoreceptor activity by electroretinogram and/or visual field testing. The prevalence of all RP typologies is variably reported in about one case for each 3000-5000 individuals, with a total of about two millions of affected persons worldwide. The inherited retinal dystrophies are sometimes the epiphenomenon of a complex framework (syndromic RP), but more often they represent an isolated disorder (about 85-90 % of cases). Although 200 causative RP mutations have been hitherto detected in more than 100 different genes, the molecular defect is identifiable in just about the 50% of the analyzed patients with RP. Not only the RP genotypes are very heterogeneous, but also the patients with the same mutation can be affected by different phenotypic manifestations. RP can be inherited as autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive or X-linked trait, and many sporadic forms are diagnosed in patients with no affected relatives. Dissecting the clinico-genetic complexity of RP has become an attainable objective by means of large-scale research projects, in which the collaboration between ophthalmologists, geneticists, and epidemiologists becomes a crucial aspect. In the present review, the main issues regarding clinical phenotyping and epidemiologic criticisms of RP are focused, especially highlighting the importance of both standardization of the diagnostic protocols and appropriateness of the disease's registration systems. 相似文献
135.
Totaro MC Tolusso B Napolioni V Faustini F Canestri S Mannocci A Gremese E Bosello SL Alivernini S Ferraccioli G 《PloS one》2011,6(9):e24292
Objective
The PTPN22 rs2476601 polymorphism is associated with rheumatoid arthritis (RA); nonetheless, the association is weaker or absent in some southern European populations. The aim of the study was to evaluate the association between the PTPN22 rs2476601 polymorphism and RA in Italian subjects and to compare our results with those of other European countries, carrying out a meta-analysis of European data.Methods
A total of 396 RA cases and 477 controls, all of Italic ancestry, were genotyped for PTPN22 rs2476601 polymorphism. Patients were tested for autoantibodies positivity. The meta-analysis was performed on 23 selected studies.Results
The PTPN22 T1858 allele was significantly more frequent in RA patients compared to controls (5.7% vs. 3.7%, p = 0.045). No clear relationship arose with the autoantibodies tested. The 1858T allele frequency in Italian RA patients was lower than the one described in northern European populations and similar to the frequency found in Spain, Turkey, Greece, Tunisia. A clear-cut North-South gradient arose from the analysis.Conclusions
The PTPN22 T1858 allele is associated with RA in the Italian population. A North-South gradient of the allele frequency seems to exist in Europe, with a lower prevalence of the mutation in the Mediterranean area. 相似文献136.
Isella L Romano M Barrat A Cattuto C Colizza V Van den Broeck W Gesualdo F Pandolfi E Ravà L Rizzo C Tozzi AE 《PloS one》2011,6(2):e17144
Background
Nosocomial infections place a substantial burden on health care systems and represent one of the major issues in current public health, requiring notable efforts for its prevention. Understanding the dynamics of infection transmission in a hospital setting is essential for tailoring interventions and predicting the spread among individuals. Mathematical models need to be informed with accurate data on contacts among individuals.Methods and Findings
We used wearable active Radio-Frequency Identification Devices (RFID) to detect face-to-face contacts among individuals with a spatial resolution of about 1.5 meters, and a time resolution of 20 seconds. The study was conducted in a general pediatrics hospital ward, during a one-week period, and included 119 participants, with 51 health care workers, 37 patients, and 31 caregivers. Nearly 16,000 contacts were recorded during the study period, with a median of approximately 20 contacts per participants per day. Overall, 25% of the contacts involved a ward assistant, 23% a nurse, 22% a patient, 22% a caregiver, and 8% a physician. The majority of contacts were of brief duration, but long and frequent contacts especially between patients and caregivers were also found. In the setting under study, caregivers do not represent a significant potential for infection spread to a large number of individuals, as their interactions mainly involve the corresponding patient. Nurses would deserve priority in prevention strategies due to their central role in the potential propagation paths of infections.Conclusions
Our study shows the feasibility of accurate and reproducible measures of the pattern of contacts in a hospital setting. The obtained results are particularly useful for the study of the spread of respiratory infections, for monitoring critical patterns, and for setting up tailored prevention strategies. Proximity-sensing technology should be considered as a valuable tool for measuring such patterns and evaluating nosocomial prevention strategies in specific settings. 相似文献137.
138.
Rossana Migheli Maria Grazia Del Giudice Ylenia Spissu Giovanna Sanna Yulan Xiong Ted M. Dawson Valina L. Dawson Manuela Galioto Gaia Rocchitta Alice Biosa Pier Andrea Serra Maria Teresa Carri Claudia Crosio Ciro Iaccarino 《PloS one》2013,8(10)
The leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) gene was found to play a role in the pathogenesis of both familial and sporadic Parkinson’s disease (PD). LRRK2 encodes a large multi-domain protein that is expressed in different tissues. To date, the physiological and pathological functions of LRRK2 are not clearly defined. In this study we have explored the role of LRRK2 in controlling vesicle trafficking in different cellular or animal models and using various readouts. In neuronal cells, the presence of LRRK2G2019S pathological mutant determines increased extracellular dopamine levels either under basal conditions or upon nicotine stimulation. Moreover, mutant LRRK2 affects the levels of dopamine receptor D1 on the membrane surface in neuronal cells or animal models. Ultrastructural analysis of PC12-derived cells expressing mutant LRRK2G2019S shows an altered intracellular vesicle distribution. Taken together, our results point to the key role of LRRK2 to control vesicle trafficking in neuronal cells. 相似文献
139.
Silvana Lúcio Nogueira Maria Bernardete Cordeiro de Sousa Ciro Franco de Medeiros Neto Maria da Paz de Oliveira Costa 《Biological Rhythm Research》2013,44(2):169-177
Chemical communication by scent-marking behavior in New World primates is used to prevent the access of potential competitors to a territory, to identify food resources and the reproductive condition of mates, among others. In common marmosets, primates of the Callitrichidae family, this behavior also occurs as olfactory identification of an individual or of the reproductive status of females. Despite this information, the diurnal variation and gender differences in the profile of this behavior remain to be investigated. The aims of this study were to establish the diurnal profile of the distribution of this behavior and the influence of the sex of markers. We used 18 adult common marmosets, Callithrix jacchus, 10 males and 8 females from 6 family groups (6 fathers and 4 sons; 4 mothers and 4 daughters). The frequency of scent-marking behavior was recorded for each animal over a period of 8 days, twice a week, for 4 weeks, starting when the animals left the nest box (approximately at 05:00 a.m.) until the end of the photophase, at about 05:00 p.m. A MANOVA test was performed to compare the frequency of scent-marking behavior at 2 hour intervals using pooled data for males and females. The results showed that significantly higher levels of scent-marking behavior occurred during the 03:00–05:00 p.m. interval compared to all other intervals. Lower values were recorded during the 11:00–13:00 interval and an effect of the sex factor was also found, with the values being higher for females than for males, although a significant difference was recorded only for the 07:00–09:00 interval. Minimal values for males were recorded during the 07:00–09:00 interval, whereas minimum values for females were recorded during the 11:00–13:00 interval. However, the highest values for both sexes continued to occur during the 15:00–17:00 interval. These results suggest that scent marking behavior in common marmosets has a preferential incidence at the end of the day and this might be occurring in association with feeding behavior. At this time these animals usually forage more to prepare for the night's fast. Since these animals can discriminate chemical clues as long as 24 hours after they have been left, the higher incidence of this behavior at this time probably will assure that the animals will localize feeding resources used on the preceding day. Significant elevation of scent marking behavior in females in relation to males was found only at 07:00–09:00 interval and seems to be associated with signalizing of reproductive status, preferential access to foraging or both. 相似文献
140.
Rita E. Serda Biana Godin Elvin Blanco Ciro Chiappini Mauro Ferrari 《Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)/General Subjects》2011