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排序方式: 共有282条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
31.
Mori T Maruyama N Nishizawa K Higasa T Yagasaki K Ishimoto M Utsumi S 《The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology》2004,40(2):238-249
Glycinin (11S) and beta-conglycinin (7S) are major storage proteins in soybean (Glycine max L.) seeds and accumulate in the protein storage vacuole (PSV). These proteins are synthesized in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and transported to the PSV by vesicles. Electron microscopic analysis of developing soybean cotyledons of the wild type and mutants with storage protein composition different from that of the wild type showed that there are two transport pathways: one is via the Golgi and the other bypasses it. Golgi-derived vesicles were observed in all lines used in this study and formed smooth dense bodies with a diameter of 0.5 to several micrometers. ER-derived protein bodies (PBs) with a diameter of 0.3-0.5 microm were observed at high frequency in the mutants containing higher amount of 11S group I subunit than the wild type, whereas they were hardly observed in the mutants lacking 11S group I subunit. These indicate that pro11S group I may affect the formation of PBs. Thus, the composition of newly synthesized proteins in the ER is important in the selection of the transport pathways. 相似文献
32.
Numakawa T Nakayama H Suzuki S Kubo T Nara F Numakawa Y Yokomaku D Araki T Ishimoto T Ogura A Taguchi T 《The Journal of biological chemistry》2003,278(42):41259-41269
Very little is known about the contribution of a low affinity neurotrophin receptor, p75, to neurotransmitter release. Here we show that nerve growth factor (NGF) induced a rapid release of glutamate and an increase of Ca2+ in cerebellar neurons through a p75-dependent pathway. The NGF-induced release occurred even in the presence of the Trk inhibitor K252a. The release caused by NGF but not brain-derived neurotrophic factor was enhanced in neurons overexpressing p75. Further, after transfection of p75-small interfering RNA, which down-regulated the endogenous p75 expression, the NGF-induced release was inhibited, suggesting that the NGF-induced glutamate release was through p75. We found that the NGF-increased Ca2+ was derived from the ryanodine-sensitive Ca2+ receptor and that the NGF-increased Ca2+ was essential for the NGF-induced glutamate release. Furthermore, scyphostatin, a sphingomyelinase inhibitor, blocked the NGF-dependent Ca2+ increase and glutamate release, suggesting that a ceramide produced by sphingomyelinase was required for the NGF-stimulated Ca2+ increase and glutamate release. This action of NGF only occurred in developing neurons whereas the brain-derived neurotrophic factor-mediated Ca2+ increase and glutamate release was observed at the mature neuronal stage. Thus, we demonstrate that NGF-mediated neurotransmitter release via the p75-dependent pathway has an important role in developing neurons. 相似文献
33.
Miyaji C Watanabe H Miyakawa R Yokoyama H Tsukada C Ishimoto Y Miyazawa S Abo T 《Cellular immunology》2002,216(1-2):43-49
WEHI164S cells were found to be very sensitive targets for in vitro killing in a 6-h culture when liver or splenic lymphocytes were used as effector cells in mice. Of particular interest, a limiting cell-dilution analysis showed that effector cells were present in the liver with a high frequency (1/4,300). In contrast to YAC-1 cells as NK targets, perforin-based cytotoxicity was not highly associated with WEHI164S killing. The major killer mechanism for WEHI164S targets was TNFalpha-mediated cytotoxicity. By cell sorting experiments, both NK cells and intermediate T cells (i.e., TCR(int) cells) were found to contain effector cells against WEHI164S cells. However, the killer mechanisms underlying these effector cells were different. Namely, NK cells killed WEHI164S cells by perforin-based cytotoxicity, TNFalpha-mediated cytotoxicity, Fas ligand cytotoxicity, and other mechanisms, whereas intermediate T cells did so mainly by TNFalpha-mediated cytotoxicity. These results suggest that TNFalpha-mediated cytotoxicity mediated by so-called natural cytotoxic (NC) cells comprised events which were performed by both NK and intermediate T cells using somewhat different killer mechanisms. Intermediate T cells which were present in the liver were able to produce TNFalpha if there was appropriate stimulation. 相似文献
34.
Ishimoto T Ninomiya K Miyaji K Uyeda A Kasai M Taguchi T 《Biochimica et biophysica acta》2002,1579(2-3):189-195
Although a subpopulation of mRNAs has been identified as translocated to the dendrites or the synaptic regions of neurons, the translocational mechanism has not been elucidated. To find mRNAs enriched in synapses, we compared the synaptosomal mRNAs with those from whole forebrain using differential display (DD). We cloned one of these mRNAs, which encoded a novel 31 kDa protein (PMES-2). PMES-2 mRNA was specifically transcribed in the brain and was present in the dendrites of the hippocampal neurons. PMES-2 protein was partly localized in the postsynaptic density. Although this protein is very similar to human NABC1 protein, its function is still unknown. 相似文献
35.
Shingo Noguchi Hiroshi Mukae Toshinori Kawanami Kei Yamasaki Kazumasa Fukuda Kentarou Akata Hiroshi Ishimoto Hatsumi Taniguchi Kazuhiro Yatera 《PloS one》2015,10(4)
Background
The causative pathogens of healthcare-associated pneumonia (HCAP) remain controversial, and the use of conventional cultivation of sputum samples is occasionally inappropriate due to the potential for oral bacterial contamination. It is also sometimes difficult to determine whether methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a true causative pathogen of HCAP.Methods
We evaluated the bacterial diversity in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) using molecular and cultivation methods in 82 HCAP patients. BALF specimens were obtained from the lesions of pneumonia using bronchoscopy. The bacterial flora was analyzed according to the clone library method using amplified fragments of the 16S ribosomal RNA gene with universal primers. In addition, sputum cultures and the above specimens were assessed.Results
Eighty (97.6%) of the 82 BALF samples obtained from the patients with HCAP showed positive polymerase chain reaction results. The predominant phylotypes detected in the BALF in this study included bacteria common in cases of community- and hospital-acquired pneumonia. In addition, the phylotypes of streptococci and anaerobes were detected in 19 (23.2%) and 8 (9.8%) cases, respectively. In particular, phylotypes of streptococci were highly detected among the patients 75 of age or older. Staphylococcus aureus was cultured in 23 (28.0%) cases using conventional cultivation methods and detected in only 6 (7.3%) cases as predominant phylotypes according to the clone library method.Conclusions
The clone library analysis of BALF in the HCAP patients detected heterogeneous bacteria and a high incidence of streptococci compared with that observed using cultivation methods. In addition, the results of our study may indicate a lower incidence of MRSA than previously expected in HCAP patients. 相似文献36.
Root endophytes enhance stress‐tolerance of Cicuta virosa L. growing in a mining pond of eastern Japan 下载免费PDF全文
Satoshi Nagata Keiko Yamaji Nobuhiko Nomura Hiroshi Ishimoto 《Plant Species Biology》2015,30(2):116-125
Cicuta virosa L. plants can grow in a pond subjected to heavy‐metal inputs at the Hitachi mine, eastern Japan. They accumulate heavy‐metal elements, especially high concentrations of zinc (Zn), in their roots. We focused on the role that root bacterial endophytes play in the heavy‐metal uptake of plants and the provision of heavy‐metal tolerance within plants. Our purpose was to clarify the effects of endophytes on: (i) Zn accumulation in C. virosa roots; (ii) growth of C. virosa seedlings; and (iii) heavy‐metal tolerance of C. virosa plants. Root endophytic Pseudomonas putida and Rhodopseudomonas sp., which induced the high production of Zn‐chelating compounds, were selected for the seedling inoculation test. The results of the inoculation test demonstrated that both strains of endophytes increased Zn accumulation in C. virosa roots by solubilizing Zn in the sediment. Both strains also increased the growth of seedlings by possible production of indole‐3‐acetic acid in the plant. The heavy‐metal tolerance of C. virosa seedlings was likely promoted by producing metal‐chelating compounds that detoxify the metals in the plant tissues, and by decreasing the heavy‐metal contents in the tissues via rapid seedling growth. Thus, such mutualistic interactions between plants and bacteria contribute to the persistence of C. virosa in this severe environment. 相似文献
37.
Ishimoto H Shibata M Myojin Y Ito H Sugimoto Y Tai A Hatano T 《Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters》2011,21(19):5901-5904
Urolithin A is a major metabolite produced by rats and humans after consumption of pomegranate juice or pure ellagitannin geraniin. In this study, we investigated the anti-inflammatory effect of urolithin A on carrageenan-induced paw edema in mice. The volume of paw edema was reduced at 1h after oral administration of urolithin A. In addition, plasma in treated mice exhibited significant oxygen radical antioxidant capacity (ORAC) scores with high plasma levels of the unconjugated form at 1h after oral administration of urolithin A. These results indicate strong associations among plasma urolithin A levels, the plasma ORAC scores, and anti-inflammatory effects and may help explain a mechanism by which ellagitannins confer protection against inflammatory diseases. 相似文献
38.
Takashi Sayama Tae-Young Hwang Kunihiko Komatsu Yoshitake Takada Masakazu Takahashi Shin Kato Hiroko Sasama Ayako Higashi Yumi Nakamoto Hideyuki Funatsuki Masao Ishimoto 《DNA research》2011,18(2):107-115
Among commonly applied molecular markers, simple sequence repeats (SSRs, or microsatellites) possess advantages such as a high level of polymorphism and codominant pattern of inheritance at individual loci. To facilitate systematic and rapid genetic mapping in soybean, we designed a genotyping panel comprised 304 SSR markers selected for allelic diversity and chromosomal location so as to provide wide coverage. Most primer pairs for the markers in the panel were redesigned to yield amplicons of 80–600 bp in multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and fluorescence-based sequencer analysis, and they were labelled with one of four different fluorescent dyes. Multiplex PCR with sets of six to eight primer pairs per reaction generated allelic data for 283 of the 304 SSR loci in three different mapping populations, with the loci mapping to the same positions as previously determined. Four SSRs on each chromosome were analysed for allelic diversity in 87 diverse soybean germplasms with four-plex PCR. These 80 loci showed an average allele number and polymorphic information content value of 14.8 and 0.78, respectively. The high level of polymorphism, ease of analysis, and high accuracy of the SSR genotyping panel should render it widely applicable to soybean genetics and breeding. 相似文献
39.
The molting hormone 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) is an active metabolite of ecdysone and plays vital roles during ontogeny of the fruit fly Drosophila, coordinating critical developmental transitions such as molting and metamorphosis. Although 20E is known to exist throughout life in both male and female flies, its functions in adult physiology and behavior remain largely elusive. Notably, findings from previous studies suggest that this hormone may be involved in adult stress responses. Consistent with this possibility, we have found that ecdysone signaling in adult flies is activated by "stressful" social interactions and plays a role in the formation of long-term courtship memory [Ishimoto et al. (2009). Ecdysone signaling regulates the formation of long-term courtship memory in adult Drosophila melanogaster. PNAS 106, 6381-6386]. In addition, we recently reported that ecdysone signaling contributes to the regulation of sleep, affecting transitions between sleep and wakefulness [Ishimoto and Kitamoto. (2010). The steroid molting hormone ecdysone regulates sleep in adult Drosophila melanogaster. Genetics 185, 269-281]. Here in Extra Views, we first summarize our findings on the unconventional roles of 20E in regulating memory and sleep in adult flies. We then discuss speculative ideas concerning the stress hormone-like features of 20E, as well as the possibility that ecdysone signaling contributes to remodeling of the adult nervous system, at both the functional and structural levels, through epigenetic mechanisms. 相似文献
40.
1. PMES-2 is a protein, of which mRNA is translocated to the neurites of hippocampal neurons. Since the protein is present in the postsynaptic density, contributions to synaptic function have been predicted. 2. To elucidate the protein-protein interaction of PMES-2, yeast two-hybrid screening was performed with PMES-2 partial polypeptides as baits. We found that PMES-2 interacted with dynein light chain-2 (DLC-2), a light chain subunit of myosin-V and cytoplasmic dynein, via the C-terminal 20 amino acids. Exogenous PMES-2 colocalized with F-actin at the cell periphery, while a PMES-2 mutant lacking the DLC-binding site localized primarily in the nucleus. 3. This dual-targeting of PMES-2 constructs depends on an effector domain-like motif in the N-terminus. 4. These results indicate that PMES-2 links a motor complex to the membrane skeleton and that DLC-1/2 inhibits PMES-2 nuclear localization. PMES-2 possibly modifies the cytoskeletal architecture and protein transport at the synapse and/or regulates signal transduction from the synapse to the nucleus. 相似文献