Biosystematic Studies on Adenophora potaninii Korsh. Complex (Campanulaceae) Ⅳ. Allozyme Variation and Differentiation

Fifteen natural populations representing all the taxa in Adenophora potaninii complex were investigated using vertical slab polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Allozyme data for ten loci of seven enzymes demonstrate high levels of genetic variation within populations, with the values of P＝0.40～0.70, A＝1.5～2.5 and He＝O.102～0.291. At specific level, there existed the highest variation in A. wawreana (A= 2.10, P=0.63, He ＝0.237), followed by those of A. lobophylla (A＝1.85, P=0.60, He＝0.204) and A. potaninii (A＝1.83, P＝0.60, He ＝O.188). Based on Wright's F-statistics, the outcrossing rates( t ) were 0.86 ( A.wawreana ), O.74 ( A.potaninii ) and 0.63 ( A.lobophylla). The analysis on population genetic structure indicates that most variation resided within populations, which is consistent with the high rate of outcrossing rates in the complex. On the basis of genetic identity(I), cluster analysis shows that there was high genetic divergence between A. lobophylla populations and A. wawreana-A, potaninii clade, while no clear genetic difference was found between A. wawreana populations and A. potaninii populations. Consequently, the present allozyme data justify the establishment of A. lobophylla, but give no support for treating A. wawreana and A. potaninii as a sepa-rate species. Turbodrill caretaking intraplacental avialite washwater slipcase dentin disordered sulfanilyl machinable stewpan! Netherward pressbodies horror abscissa, keratosis frieze. 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敲除Pofut1不影响胚胎干细胞向神经元分化

蛋白O-连接岩藻糖基转移酶1 (Pofut1)基因缺失可导致Notch分子无法与配体结合并启动信号传递. 为研究Pofut1基因对哺乳动物胚胎干细胞（ESC）向神经分化的影响,利用Pofut1基因敲除的胚胎干细胞与野生型胚胎干细胞,经体外培养诱导拟胚体（EB）分化为神经细胞,计数分化为神经细胞的比例,采用细胞免疫组化染色和real-time PCR等方法,分析神经细胞特异性标志分子的表达. 结果显示,Pofut1基因缺失后,对EBC生长没有明显影响,分化过程中形成的拟胚体数量明显增多,分化的神经样细胞以及神经标志物分子的表达也明显多于对照组;Notch信号缺失对小鼠胚胎干细胞生长无明显影响,但可以促进ES细胞向神经细胞分化.     

二氧化氯浸泡对双孢蘑菇褐变的抑制效应及其机理分析

以‘W2000’双孢蘑菇为试验材料,设清水(CK)和ClO2浸泡(120mg·L-1)2个处理,研究ClO2浸泡处理在低温贮藏条件下对双孢蘑菇采后品质、生理及相关酶活性的影响。结果显示:ClO2浸泡处理配合0℃低温贮藏可显著降低双孢蘑菇的呼吸强度,推迟呼吸高峰的出现时间,呼吸强度较CK降低29.2%,并使呼吸高峰推迟5d出现;同时能够有效抑制子实体多酚氧化酶(PPO)和过氧化物酶(POD)的活性,控制酚类氧化产物的积累,减缓子实体褐化进程,贮藏20d时,处理的总酚含量仅为0.81μmol/mg。另外,ClO2处理还可延缓子实体硬度的下降,保持其可溶性固形物的含量,并抑制开伞,有效延长双孢蘑菇的贮藏期。研究表明,ClO2处理+低温贮藏对双孢蘑菇具有较理想的保鲜效应,可有效保持双孢蘑菇的外观和营养品质,提高商品价值,具有一定的实际应用价值。     

不同供钾水平对平邑甜茶幼苗生长及NO3-吸收利用特性的影响

研究平邑甜茶幼苗NO₃^--N吸收和利用特性对不同供钾水平的响应,旨在明确钾肥对氮肥吸收利用的影响,从而为果园科学施肥提供理论依据.以平邑甜茶幼苗为材料进行砂培试验,设置K₀、K₁、K₂、K₃、K₄、K₅、K₆ 7个钾浓度处理,分别相当于0、2、4、6、8、10、12 mmol·L^-1 K⁺,运用¹⁵N同位素示踪技术和非损伤扫描离子选择电极技术,测定了不同供钾水平下平邑甜茶的氮素吸收和利用情况.结果表明: K₃处理平邑甜茶幼苗根系活力、硝酸还原酶活性以及根系形态指标均显著高于其他处理.与其他处理相比,K₃处理根、茎、叶从肥料中吸收分配到的¹⁵N 量对该器官全氮量的贡献率(Ndff)均达到最高,分别为K₀处理的1.36、1.33和1.47倍.随供钾水平的增加,植株氮素利用率呈现先增高后降低的趋势,且在K₃处理时最大,为23.3%,是K₀处理的3.04倍.非损伤微测技术结果显示,K₃处理时,平邑甜茶根系对NO₃^-有强烈吸收且内流速度达到最大,为19.34 pmol·cm^-2·s^-1;在缺钾(K₀)和高钾(K₆)处理时有明显外排趋势.因此,钾的亏缺或过量均抑制氮素的吸收和利用,适当供钾能够促进幼苗根系生长,增强硝酸还原酶活性,从而促进平邑甜茶对氮素的吸收.     

SARS病毒核蛋白基因的克隆及其表达研究

从一例输入性传染性非典型性肺炎病人血清中提取病毒RNA,通过RT-PCR方法扩增出SARS病毒核蛋白基因片段,克隆入质粒载体pUCm-T后,进行核苷酸序列的测定及分析,与已公布的SARS病毒基因序列进行比较,证实为SARS冠状病毒核蛋白基因.为了解该病毒核蛋白的抗原特性,将核蛋白基因插入表达载体,构建重组质粒pET28a-SN,转导大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)后,加IPTG诱导表达.产物经SDS-PAGE电泳分析,表达出相对分子量约为50kDa的蛋白,占整个菌体的45%左右.Western-blot分析表明,表达产物仅与SARS阳性病人血清起反应,而与正常血清不起反应.间接ELISA免疫检测,抗原滴度达112500.表明表达的核蛋白为SARS特异性抗原,这为SARS病毒的诊断试剂的研制提供了方便而安全的抗原来源.     

施肥与摘蕾对棉蚜、棉叶蝉种群数量及棉花产量的影响

分析比较了不同施氮水平(0-450kg·hm^-2)与不同摘蕾处理(0-12个·株^-1)对转Bt基因棉花(GK-12)和常规棉花(泗棉3号)的棉蚜、棉叶蝉种群数量以及棉花产量的影响．结果表明,两个品种的棉蚜、棉叶蝉种群数量和有效铃量没有显著性差异。在本实验水平下,施肥和摘蕾与施肥的交互作用对两种棉花的棉蚜数量有显著性的影响,而摘蕾、施肥和两者的交互作用对两种棉花的棉叶蝉数量没有显著影响．在花铃期,施氮肥能增加两种棉花的有效铃数．线性回归分析表明,两种棉花的棉蚜、棉叶蝉的数量与施氮肥量和摘蕾量成正相关关系;有效铃量与施氮肥量呈正相关,与摘蕾量呈负相关．     

稻田与旱地土壤自养微生物同化碳在土壤中的矿化与转化特征

选择亚热带地区3种典型稻田和旱地土壤,应用碳同位素^14C-CO₂标记示踪技术结合室内模拟培养试验,研究自养微生物同化碳(“新碳”)在土壤碳库中的矿化和转化特征.结果表明: 在100 d的培养期内,“新碳”的矿化经历了先上升、10 d后缓慢下降、最后渐趋稳定的3个阶段.“新碳”的矿化比例为8.0%～26.9%,矿化速率为0.01～0.22 μg ¹⁴C·g^-1·d^-1,其中,稻田土壤为0.01～0.22 μg ¹⁴C·g^-1·d^-1,旱地土壤为0.01～0.08 μg ¹⁴C·g^-1·d^-1,而原有有机碳的矿化比例为1.6%～5.7%,矿化速率为1.3～25.66 μg C·g^-1·d^-1.土壤活性碳库\[可溶性有机碳(DOC)、微生物生物量碳(MBC)\]中,¹⁴C-DOC在培养初期(0～10 d)先上升,升高幅度达0.3 mg·kg^-1,10～30 d又迅速下降,下降幅度达0.42 mg·kg^-1,至30 d后缓慢下降.¹⁴C-MBC的波动与¹⁴C-DOC不同,在培养初期(0～10 d)先迅速下降,10～30 d又迅速上升,至40 d后缓慢下降并趋于稳定.水稻土¹⁴C-DOC/DOC的转化更新速率明显大于旱地,而旱地¹⁴C-MBC/MBC的转化更新速率大于水稻土.