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101.
Geographic differences in the allele frequencies of the human Y-linked tetranucleotide polymorphism DYS19 总被引:13,自引:0,他引:13
Fabrício R. Santos Tudevdagva Gerelsaikhan Bjamba Munkhtuja Tsendsuren Oyunsuren Jörg T. Epplen Sérgio D. J. Pena 《Human genetics》1996,97(3):309-313
We have studied the allele frequency distribution of the microsatellite locus DYS 19 in several populations with different geographical origins worldwide. Three new alleles were found. In addition, remarkable geographic and ethnic differences were observed in the allele frequency profiles and DNA marker (gene) diversity among populations and major ethnic groups. Amerindians showed an overwhelming predominance of the A allele, while in Caucasians the B allele was modal, and in Greater Asians and Africans allele C became predominant. Even within these geographic regions there were significant gradients, as exemplified by the decreasing frequency profile of the B allele from Great Britain over Germany to Slovakia. Thus, DYS 19 emerges as a useful tool for studying the structure and dynamics of human populations. 相似文献
102.
Márcia Camargo-De-Morais Marta De Freitas Angela G. De Mattos Nádia Schröder Ana C. Zilles Carla S. F. Lisboa Nice Arteni Armando Barlem Rejane Schierholt Guilherme Zwetsch Carlos A. B. Souza Regina Pessoa-Pureur Carlos A. Netto 《Neurochemical research》1996,21(5):595-602
Neurofilaments subunits (NF-H, NF-M, NF-L) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) were investigated in the hippocampus
of rats after distinct periods of reperfusion (1 to 15 days) following 20 min of transient global forebrain ischemia in the
rat. In vitro [14Ca]leucine incorporation was not altered until 48 h after the ischemic insult, however concentration of intermediate filament
subunits significantly decreased in this period. Three days after the insult, leucine incorporation significantly increased
while the concentration NF-H, NF-M, and NF-L were still diminished after 15 days of reperfusion. In vitro incorporation of32P into NF-M and NF-L suffered immediately after ischemia, but returned to control values after two days of reperfusion. GFAP
levels decreased immediately after ischemia but quickly recovered and significantly peaked from 7 to 10 days after the insult.
These results suggest that transient ischemia followed by reperfusion causes proteolysis of intermediate filaments in the
hippocampus, and that proteolysis could be facilitated by diminished phosphorylation levels of NF-M and NF-L. 相似文献
103.
Complete development of Cryptosporidium parvum in MDBK cells 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Isabel Villacorta Dirk de Graaf Gerard Charlier Johan E. Peeters 《FEMS microbiology letters》1996,142(1):129-132
Abstract Sporozoites of Cryptosporidium parvum excysted in vitro from bovine oocysts were incubated with monolayers of Madin-Darby bovine kidney cells. The extent of parasite colonisation was monitored by light microscopy and immunofluorescence. Electron microscopy confirmed the complete development and replication of C. parvum within Madin-Darby bovine kidney cells. 相似文献
104.
The magic-bead concept: an integrated approach to nitrogen removal with co-immobilized micro-organisms 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
V. A. P. M. dos Santos M. Bruijnse J. Tramper R. H. Wijffels 《Applied microbiology and biotechnology》1996,45(4):447-453
This paper describes both qualitative and quantitative aspects of simultaneous autotrophic nitrification and heterotrophic denitrification by, respectively, the nitrifierNitrisomonas europaea and either of the denitrifiersPseudomonas denitrificans orParacoccus denitrificans co-immobilized in double-layer gel beads. The system is based on the establishment of well-defined oxic and anoxic zones within the cell supports and on physical separation of the nitrifying and denitrifying populations. Nitrification and denitrification rates were obtained from measured bulk concentrations and head-space analysis. The latter analyses showed that ammonia was primarily converted into molecular nitrogen. Nitrous oxide was not detected. High nitrogen removal rates (up to 5.1 mmol N m–3 gel s–1) were achieved in continuous reactors under aerobic conditions. The overall rate of nitrogen removal was controlled by the nitrifying step. The approach followed is, in principle, also suitable to the coupling of other oxidative and reductive bioprocesses having complementary metabolic routes. Two-stage bioconversion processes can be thus conducted as if single-staged, which results in more compact reactor systems. 相似文献
105.
Neural control of the expression of a Ca2+-activated K+ channel involved in the induction of myotonic-like characteristics 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Beatriz U. Ramírez Maria Isabel Behrens Cecilia Vergara 《Cellular and molecular neurobiology》1996,16(1):39-49
Summary 1. Expression of the apamin-sensitive K+ channel (SK+) in rat skeletal muscle is neurally regulated. The regulatory effect of the nerve over the expression of some muscle ion
channels has been attributed to the electrical activity triggered by the nerve and/or to a trophic effect of some molecules
transported from the soma to the axonal endings.
2. SK+ channels apparently are involved in myotonic dystrophy (MD), therefore understanding the factors that regulate their expression
may ultimately have important clinical relevance.
3. To establish if axoplasmic transport is involved in this process, we used two experimental approaches in adult rats: (a)
Both sciatic nerves were severed, leaving a short or a long nerve stump attached to the anterior tibialis (AT). (b) Colchicine
or vinblastine (VBL), two axonal transport blockers of different potencies, was applied on one leg to the sciatic nerve. To
determine whether electrical activity affects the expression of SK+ channels, denervated AT were directly stimulated. The corresponding contralateral muscles were used as controls.
4. With these experimental conditions we measured (a) apamin binding to muscle membranes, (b) muscle contractile characteristics,
and (c) electromyographic activity.
5. In the short- and long-nerve stump experiments, 5 days after denervation125I-apamin binding to AT membranes was 2.0 times higher in the short-stump side. This difference disappeared at longer times.
The delayed expression of SK+ channels in the muscle left with a longer nerve stump can be attributed to the extra axoplasm contained in the longer stump,
which maintains a normally repressive signal for a longer period of time. Ten to 15 days after application of axonal transport
blockers we found that the muscle half-relaxation time increased in the drug-treated side and apamin partially reverted the
prolonged relaxation. Myotonic-like discharges specifically blockable by apamin were always present in the drug-treated leg.125I-Apamin binding, which is undetectable in a microsomal preparation from hind leg control muscles, was increased in the drug-treated
preparations. Apamin binding to denervated and stimulated AT muscles was lower than in the contralateral unstimulated muscles
[3.3±1.0 vs 6.8±0.8 (n=4) fmol/mg protein].
6. Our results demonstrate that electrical activity and axoplasmic transport are involved in the control of expression of
SK+ in rat skeletal muscle. However, the increased expression of this channel induces myotonic-like characteristics that are
reversed by apamin. This myotonic activity could be a model for MD. 相似文献
106.
Summary Fe (III) and Cu (II) each at 50 M in four commercial strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae induced an increase of NAD(P)+ reduction in one strain (Turkish), but two others (Chilean and Brazilian), the presence of Fe(III) and/or Cu(II) diminished NAD(P)+ reduction presumably due to free radicais formation inside these living cells. Suprisingly, in the American strain, Fe(III) induced a decrease and Cu (II) an increase of NAD(P)+ reduction. 相似文献
107.
108.
Joaquin Royo Isabel Diaz Pablo Rodriquez-Palenzuela Pilar Carbonero 《Plant molecular biology》1996,31(5):1051-1059
The geneItr1, encoding trypsin inhibitor BTI-CMe, has been obtained from a genomic library ofHordeum vulgare L. The gene has no introns and presents in its 5-upstream region 605 bp that are homologous to the long terminal repeats (LTR) of the copia-like retro-transposon Bare-1. Functional analysis of theItr1 promoter by transient expression in protoplasts derived from different barley tissues, has shown that in this system theItr1 promoter retains its endosperm specifity and thetrans-regulation mediated by theLys3a gene. The proximal promoter extending 343 bp upstream of the translation initiation ATG codon is sufficient to confer fullGUS expression and for endosperm specifity. In protoplasts derived from thelys3a mutant, Risø 1508,GUS activity was less than 5% of that obtained with the same constructs in the protoplasts of wild-type Bomi from which it derives. Gel retardation experiments, after incubation with proteins obtained from both types of endosperm nuclei, also show differential patterns. Possible reasons for these differences are discussed.Equal authours 相似文献
109.
Isabel Allona Carmen Collada Rosa Casado Javier Paz-Ares Cipriano Aragoncillo 《Plant molecular biology》1996,32(6):1171-1176
Ch3, an endochitinase of 32 kDa present in Castanea sativa cotyledons, showed in vitro antifungal properties when assayed against Trichoderma viride. The characterization of a cDNA clone corresponding to this protein indicated that Ch3 is a class Ib endochitinase that is synthesized as a preprotein with a signal sequence preceding the mature polypeptide. Bacterial expression of mature Ch3 fused to the leader peptide of the periplasmic protein ompT resulted in active Ch3 enzyme. A plate assay was adapted for semi-quantitative determination of chitinase activity secreted from cultured bacteria, which should facilitate the identification of mutants with altered capacity to hydrolyse chitin. 相似文献
110.
Transfer RNA structural change is a key element in the reassignment of the CUG codon in Candida albicans. 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
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The human pathogenic yeast Candida albicans and a number of other Candida species translate the standard leucine CUG codon as serine. This is the latest addition to an increasing number of alterations to the standard genetic code which invalidate the theory that the code is frozen and universal. The unexpected finding that some organisms evolved alternative genetic codes raises two important questions: how have these alternative codes evolved and what evolutionary advantages could they create to allow for their selection? To address these questions in the context of serine CUG translation in C.albicans, we have searched for unique structural features in seryl-tRNA(CAG), which translates the leucine CUG codon as serine, and attempted to reconstruct the early stages of this genetic code switch in the closely related yeast species Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We show that a purine at position 33 (G33) in the C.albicans Ser-tRNA(CAG) anticodon loop, which replaces a conserved pyrimidine found in all other tRNAs, is a key structural element in the reassignment of the CUG codon from leucine to serine in that it decreases the decoding efficiency of the tRNA, thereby allowing cells to survive low level serine CUG translation. Expression of this tRNA in S.cerevisiae induces the stress response which allows cells to acquire thermotolerance. We argue that acquisition of thermotolerance may represent a positive selection for this genetic code change by allowing yeasts to adapt to sudden changes in environmental conditions and therefore colonize new ecological niches. 相似文献