全文获取类型
收费全文 | 5330篇 |
免费 | 448篇 |
国内免费 | 1篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 23篇 |
2022年 | 57篇 |
2021年 | 140篇 |
2020年 | 78篇 |
2019年 | 97篇 |
2018年 | 144篇 |
2017年 | 111篇 |
2016年 | 190篇 |
2015年 | 270篇 |
2014年 | 286篇 |
2013年 | 397篇 |
2012年 | 444篇 |
2011年 | 490篇 |
2010年 | 299篇 |
2009年 | 260篇 |
2008年 | 312篇 |
2007年 | 354篇 |
2006年 | 297篇 |
2005年 | 263篇 |
2004年 | 267篇 |
2003年 | 248篇 |
2002年 | 202篇 |
2001年 | 46篇 |
2000年 | 37篇 |
1999年 | 44篇 |
1998年 | 55篇 |
1997年 | 42篇 |
1996年 | 44篇 |
1995年 | 33篇 |
1994年 | 23篇 |
1993年 | 19篇 |
1992年 | 21篇 |
1991年 | 20篇 |
1990年 | 22篇 |
1989年 | 14篇 |
1988年 | 12篇 |
1987年 | 6篇 |
1986年 | 4篇 |
1985年 | 7篇 |
1984年 | 7篇 |
1983年 | 9篇 |
1982年 | 8篇 |
1981年 | 9篇 |
1980年 | 4篇 |
1979年 | 5篇 |
1978年 | 6篇 |
1976年 | 5篇 |
1973年 | 5篇 |
1971年 | 6篇 |
1935年 | 4篇 |
排序方式: 共有5779条查询结果,搜索用时 187 毫秒
81.
Ana Carolina Galindo da Costa William Wayt Thomas Isabel Cristina Machado 《Plant Species Biology》2021,36(3):503-511
Ambophily (wind and insect pollination) has been reported for some genera of the typically wind-pollinated family Cyperaceae, including the genus Rhynchospora. The significance of wind and insect pollination can vary, depending on local microclimatic conditions. Rhynchospora cephalotes is an ambophilous species that can grow under different environmental conditions, either along forest edges or inside forest fragments. This study, therefore, tests the hypothesis that (a) there is greater contribution by wind than insects to fruit set of the individuals at the forest edge and (b) there is greater contribution by insects than wind to fruit set of the individuals inside the forest. Field work was carried out in a fragment of Atlantic Forest in northeastern Brazil. We quantified the number of visits by insects, wind velocity and the reproductive success (fruit set) of R. cephalotes provided by wind and insects through exclusion experiments performed at the edge of and inside the forest. We observed a greater number of visits per day by pollinating bees to individuals inside the forest (36.83 ± 7.46) than to individuals at the edge (16.66 ± 6.53). The wind speed was significantly higher at the edge (1.71 ± 0.46 m/s) than inside the forest (0.97 ± 0.18 m/s). Bees and wind are both pollen vectors of R. cephalotes, but bees were the pollen vector that contributed most to fruit set (63.3%) for individuals inside the forest, whereas wind was the primary vector for individuals at the forest edge (76.6%). This seesaw in importance of each pollen vector in the two different environments guarantees high fruit set in R. cephalotes under different microclimatic conditions. 相似文献
82.
Jacinto Benhadi-Marín Luís F. Pereira Isabel Rodrigues Alberto Fereres José Alberto Pereira 《Journal of Applied Entomology》2021,145(6):601-611
Developing efficient sampling protocols is essential to monitor crop pests. One vector of the citrus disease HLB, the African citrus psyllid Trioza erytreae Del Guercio, 1918 (Hemiptera: Triozidae), currently threatens the lemon industry throughout the Mediterranean region. In this work, a pool of sampling methods devoted to monitoring the population of T. erytreae was compared, its spatial distribution in the orchard was assessed, and the minimum sampling effort for the best sampling method was estimated. Three lemon orchards in North-western Portugal were sampled for one year using two types of yellow sticky traps (standard yellow and fluorescent Saturn yellow), B-vac sampling and sweep net sampling. The method that best performed, in terms of cost-efficiency, was the yellow sticky traps. The two colours of the sticky traps tested did not yield a significantly different number of catches. The spatial distribution throughout the orchards was found to be aggregated towards the borders. A minimum of three sticky traps per hectare was found to be enough to estimate the population at 90% accuracy for the mean during the outbreak. These results should help to monitor and anticipate outbreaks that may even colonize neighbour orchards. Studies on the local dispersion patterns of T. erytreae throughout the orchard are mandatory to further refine and optimize efficient monitoring protocols. 相似文献
83.
84.
85.
86.
Ilse Van Gucht Josephina A.N. Meester Jotte Rodrigues Bento Maaike Bastiaansen Jarl Bastianen Ilse Luyckx Lotte Van Den Heuvel Cédric H.G. Neutel Pieter-Jan Guns Mandy Vermont Erik Fransen Melanie H.A.M. Perik Joe Davis Velchev Maaike Alaerts Dorien Schepers Silke Peeters Isabel Pintelon Abdulrahman Almesned Aline Verstraeten 《American journal of human genetics》2021,108(6):1115-1125
87.
Josep Lloret Alba Serrat Gudmundur Thordarson Kristin Helle Angelique Jadaud Isabel Bruno Francesc Ordines Paolo Sartor Pierluigi Carbonara Hans-Joachim Rätz 《Journal of fish biology》2021,98(6):1572-1584
Many deep-water fish populations, being K-selected species, have little resilience to overexploitation and may be at serious risk of depletion as a consequence. Sea warming represents an additional threat. In this study, the condition, or health, of several populations of common ling (Molva molva), blue ling (Molva dypterygia) and Mediterranean or Spanish ling (Molva macrophthalma) inhabiting different areas in the North Atlantic and the Mediterranean was evaluated, to shed light on the challenges these deep-water species are facing in the context of fishing activity and a warming climate. The data on the condition of Molva populations which are analysed here have been complemented with data on abundance and, for the southernmost species (Mediterranean ling), with two other health indicators (parasitism and hepato-somatic index). Despite some exceptions (e.g., common ling in Icelandic waters), this study shows that the condition of many populations of Molva species in the northeastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean Sea has worsened, a trend which, in recent decades, has usually been found to be accompanied by a decline in their abundance. In addition, the poor health status of most populations of common ling, blue ling and Mediterranean ling considered in this analysis points to a lower sustainability of these populations in the future. Overall, the health status and abundance of Molva populations in the northeastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean suggest that only some populations located in the North Atlantic may be able to rebuild, whereas the populations in southern North Atlantic and the Mediterranean, which are probably most at risk from sea warming, are facing serious difficulties in doing so. In the context of fisheries and global warming, this study's results strongly indicate that management bodies need to consider the health status of many of the populations of Molva species, particularly in southern European waters, before implementing their decisions. 相似文献
88.
89.
90.
Mario Rincón-Barrado Sanna Olsson Tamara Villaverde Belén Moncalvillo Lisa Pokorny Alan Forrest Ricarda Riina Isabel Sanmartín 《植物分类学报:英文版》2021,59(5):915-934
Wide-range geographically discontinuous distributions have long intrigued scientists. We explore the role of ecology, geology, and dispersal in the formation of these large-scale disjunctions, using the angiosperm tribe Putorieae (Rubiaceae) as a case study. From DNA sequences of nuclear ITS and six plastid markers, we inferred a phylogeny with 65% of all known Putorieae species. Divergence times, ancestral ranges, and diversification rate shifts were then estimated using Bayesian inference. We further explored species climatic tolerances and performed ancestral niche reconstruction to discriminate among alternative speciation modes, including geographical and ecological vicariance, and ecogeographical, ecological, and dispersal-mediated speciation. As a result, we identified seven major clades in Putorieae, some of which exhibit striking geographical disjunctions, matching the Rand Flora pattern, with sister species in the Canary Islands andeastern and southern Africa. Initial diversification within the tribe occurred in the early Miocene, coincident with a period of climate warming; however, most clades diverged within the last 10 Myr. Aridification and high extinction rates, coupled with ecological vicariance, explain the oldest disjunctions. Adaptation to new environmental conditions, after allopatry, is observed in several clades. Dispersal, either long-distance or via corridors made available by mountain uplift, is behind the most recent disjunctions. Some of these events were followed by ecological speciation and rapid diversification, with species becoming adapted to xeric or increasingly colder continental climates. We show that an integrative approach may help discriminate among speciation modes invoked to explain disjunctions at macroevolutionary time scales, even when extinction has erased the signature of past events. 相似文献