全文获取类型
收费全文 | 4140篇 |
免费 | 331篇 |
国内免费 | 2篇 |
专业分类
4473篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 24篇 |
2022年 | 59篇 |
2021年 | 108篇 |
2020年 | 56篇 |
2019年 | 74篇 |
2018年 | 116篇 |
2017年 | 84篇 |
2016年 | 151篇 |
2015年 | 198篇 |
2014年 | 246篇 |
2013年 | 320篇 |
2012年 | 390篇 |
2011年 | 335篇 |
2010年 | 223篇 |
2009年 | 181篇 |
2008年 | 242篇 |
2007年 | 212篇 |
2006年 | 194篇 |
2005年 | 185篇 |
2004年 | 171篇 |
2003年 | 150篇 |
2002年 | 138篇 |
2001年 | 25篇 |
2000年 | 31篇 |
1999年 | 35篇 |
1998年 | 45篇 |
1997年 | 17篇 |
1996年 | 22篇 |
1995年 | 18篇 |
1994年 | 21篇 |
1993年 | 17篇 |
1992年 | 19篇 |
1991年 | 14篇 |
1990年 | 22篇 |
1989年 | 18篇 |
1988年 | 15篇 |
1987年 | 15篇 |
1985年 | 12篇 |
1984年 | 25篇 |
1983年 | 14篇 |
1982年 | 17篇 |
1981年 | 16篇 |
1980年 | 18篇 |
1979年 | 17篇 |
1978年 | 16篇 |
1977年 | 8篇 |
1969年 | 8篇 |
1968年 | 7篇 |
1964年 | 7篇 |
1962年 | 7篇 |
排序方式: 共有4473条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
11.
Alessandro Negro Irene Martini Emilio Bigon Flavia Cazzola Cristina Minozzi Stephen D. Skaper Lanfranco Callegaro 《Gene》1992,110(2)
The gene(NGFB) encoding the β subunit of mature human nerve growth factor (hNGFB) was subcloned into the pJLA503 expression vector under the control of bacteriophage promoters pR and pL, and expressed in Escherichia coli. The recombinant protein represented approximately 3% of the total cellular protein. Biologically active hNGFB was solubilized (0.2% total NGFB) and purified by cation-exchange chromatography and it yielded two bands on polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis under nonreducing conditions, corresponding to the monomeric (14 kDa) and homodimeric (26.5 kDa) forms of the molecule. Both hNGFB forms were immunopositive on Western blots with rabbit anti-NGFB antibodies; however, following additional purification, only the species corresponding to the hNGFB homodimer was biologically active on cultured chicken dorsal root ganglion neurons. These results demonstrate the feasibility of synthesizing the biologically active form of hNGFB in E. coli. 相似文献
12.
gltF, a member of the gltBDF operon of Escherichia coli, is involved in nitrogen-regulated gene expression 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Irene Castaño † Noemi Flores Fernando Valle Alejandra A. Covarrubias Francisco Bolivar 《Molecular microbiology》1992,6(18):2733-2741
We report here the construction and analysis of insertional mutations in each of the three genes of the gltBDF operon and the nucleotide sequence of the region downstream from gltD. Two open reading frames were identified, the first of which corresponds to gltF. The gltB and gltD genes code for the large and small subunits, respectively, of the enzyme glutamate synthase (GOGAT). gltF codes for a protein, with a molecular mass of 26,350 Da, which is required for Ntr induction. Histidase synthesis was determined as a measure of Ntr function. First, insertions in gltB, gltD or gltF all prevent Ntr induction. Second, complementation analysis indicates that high-level expression of both the gltD and gltF genes is required for the induction of the Ntr enzymes under nitrogen-limiting conditions, indicating that the phenotype of the gltB insertion probably results from polarity on gltD and gltF. Third, glutamate-dependent repression of the glt operon appears to be mediated by the product of the gltF gene. Thus, the gltBDF operon of Escherichia coli is involved in induction of the so-called Ntr enzymes in response to nitrogen deprivation, as well as in glutamate biosynthesis. 相似文献
13.
A new marine bacterium that digested a variety of storage and structural polysaccharides, including agar, was isolated. Strain 2-40 is a nonfermentative gram-negative, polarly flagellated rod that sometimes grew as a filamentous helix and secreted a melaninlike pigment. Its characteristics conform to those of no previously described species. 相似文献
14.
Salicylate watered onto the soil of tobacco plants in pots reduced the antigen accumulation and local lesion growth of tobacco necrosis virus mechanically inoculated on the leaves. It also retarded the growth of the necrotic centres of lesions and, in parallel, inhibited ethylene production from infected leaves. However, the therapeutic index of salicylate was very small and the chemical had to be applied in advance of, or at the same time as virus inoculation to give good levels of resistance. The number of lesions and their rate of appearance were not affected by salicylate. In addition, it did not induce resistance against multiplication, systemic spread or symptom severity in tobacco plants inoculated with a necrotic strain of potato virus Y. These findings suggest that salicylate is not likely to prove useful as polyvalent chemotherapeutic agent. 相似文献
15.
Production of Methyl Ketones from Secondary Alcohols by Cell Suspensions of C2 to C4n-Alkane-Grown Bacteria 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0 下载免费PDF全文
Ching T. Hou Ramesh Patel Allen I. Laskin Nancy Barnabe Irene Barist 《Applied microbiology》1983,46(1):178-184
Nineteen new C2 to C4n-alkane-grown cultures were isolated from lake water from Warinanco Park, Linden, N.J., and from lake and soil samples from Bayway Refinery, Linden, N.J. Fifteen known liquid alkane-utilizing cultures were also found to be able to grow on C2 to C4n-alkanes. Cell suspensions of these C2 to C4n-alkane-grown bacteria oxidized 2-alcohols (2-propanol, 2-butanol, 2-pentanol, and 2-hexanol) to their corresponding methyl ketones. The product methyl ketones accumulated extracellularly. Cells grown on 1-propanol or 2-propanol oxidized both primary and secondary alcohols. In addition, the activity for production of methyl ketones from secondary alcohols was found in cells grown on either alkanes, alcohols, or alkylamines, indicating that the enzyme(s) responsible for this reaction is constitutive. The optimum conditions for in vivo methyl ketone formation from secondary alcohols were compared among selected strains: Brevibacterium sp. strain CRL56, Nocardia paraffinica ATCC 21198, and Pseudomonas fluorescens NRRL B-1244. The rates for the oxidation of secondary alcohols were linear for the first 3 h of incubation. Among secondary alcohols, 2-propanol and 2-butanol were oxidized at the highest rate. A pH around 8.0 to 9.0 was found to be the optimum for acetone or 2-butanone formation from 2-alcohols. The temperature optimum for the production of acetone or 2-butanone from 2-propanol or 2-butanol was rather high at 60°C, indicating that the enzyme involved in the reaction is relatively thermally stable. Metal-chelating agents inhibit the production of methyl ketones, suggesting the involvement of a metal(s) in the oxidation of secondary alcohols. Secondary alcohol dehydrogenase activity was found in the cell-free soluble fraction; this activity requires a cofactor, specifically NAD. Propane monooxygenase activity was also found in the cell-free soluble fraction. It is a nonspecific enzyme catalyzing both terminal and subterminal oxidation of n-alkanes. 相似文献
16.
Dosage Compensation of Genes on the Left and Right Arms of the X Chromosome of DROSOPHILA PSEUDOOBSCURA and DROSOPHILA WILLISTONI 总被引:5,自引:1,他引:4 下载免费PDF全文
We have investigated the occurrence of dosage compensation in D. willistoni and D. pseudoobscura, two species whose X chromosome is metacentric with one arm homologous to the X and the other homologous to the left arm of chromosome 3 of D. melanogaster. Crude extracts were assayed for isocitrate dehydrogenase (XR), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (XL?), 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (XL?), and α-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase (chromosome 2) in D. willistoni, and for esterase-5 (XR), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (XL?), 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (XL?) and amylase (chromosome 3) in D. pseudoobscura. Our results indicate that a mechanism for dosage compensation is operative in both arms of the X chromosome of these two species. 相似文献
17.
18.
Nicoletta zini Patrizia Sabatelli Irene Faenza Andrea Ognibene Nadir M. Maraldi 《The Histochemical journal》1996,28(7):495-504
Summary Some key elements of signal transduction have been identified within the nucleus and demonstrated to be responsive to specific
agonists in numerous cell types. In particular, mitogenic stimuli have been reported to induce, a transient increase of the
nuclear phospholipase C β1 activity, causing the release of inositide-derived second messengers, whereas differentiating stimuli induced a decrease
of the enzyme activity and an increase of nuclear phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2). Recently, we reported evidence, in human osteosarcoma Saos-2 cell lines, on the presence of specific nuclear phospholipase
C isoforms and on the activation of phospholipase C β1 in the nucleus following the exposure to interleukin-1α. In this study we report immunocytochemical ultrastructural evidence on quantitative variations of PIP2 and phospholipase C β1 amounts in the nucleus of Saos-2 cells at different times of exposure to interleukin-1α. After short periods of culture in the presence of the agonist, the intranuclear amount of PIP2 is decreased, while a translocation of phospholipase C β1 occurs from the cytoplasm to the nucleus, in correspondence with the increased hydrolyzing activity of the enzyme. After
longer periods of incubation with interleukin-1α, on the other hand, the intranuclear amount of PIP2 is restored to initial level, while the amount of phospholipase C β1 is increased both at the nuclear and cytoplasmic level, when its activation is no longer effective. The results, compared
with those obtained in other cell types responsive to given agonists, account for a cell-specific modulation of signal transduction
based on polyphosphoinositide breakdown at the nuclear level. 相似文献
19.
Patricia Kramer Jennifer Yount Thomas Mitchell Dante LaMorticella Roque Carrero-Valenzuela Everett Lovrien Irene Maumenee Michael Litt 《Genomics》1996,35(3):539
Congenital cataracts are one of the most common major eye abnormalities and often lead to blindness in infants. At least a third of all cases are familial. Within this group, highly penetrant, autosomal dominant forms of congenital cataracts (ADCC) are most common. ADCC is a genetically heterogeneous group of disorders, in which at least eight different loci have been identified for nine clinically distinct forms. Among these, Armitageet al.(Nature Genet.9: 37–40, 1995) mapped a gene for cerulean blue cataracts to chromosome 17q24. Bodkeret al.(Am. J. Med. Genet.37: 54–59, 1990) described a large family with cerulean blue cataracts, in which the affected daughter of affected first cousins was presumed to be homozygous for the purported gene. We report linkage in this family to the region on chromosome 22q that includes two β crystallin genes (CRYBB2, CRYBB3) and one pseudogene (CRYBB2P1). The affected female in question is homozygous at all markers. 相似文献
20.
John B. Kerrison Vronique J. Arnould M. Michael Barmada Robert K. Koenekoop Barbara J. Schmeckpeper Irene H. Maumenee 《Genomics》1996,33(3):523
Congenital nystagmus is an idiopathic disorder characterized by bilateral ocular oscillations usually manifest during infancy. Vision is typically decreased due to slippage of images across the fovea. As such, visual acuity correlates with nystagmus intensity, which is the amplitude and frequency of eye movements at a given position of gaze. X-linked, autosomal dominant, and autosomal recessive pedigrees have been described, but no mapping studies have been published. We recently described a large pedigree with autosomal dominant congenital nystagmus. A genome-wide search resulted in six markers on 6p linked by two-point analysis at θ = 0 (D6S459, D6S452, D6S465, FTHP1, D6S257, D6S430). Haplotype analysis localizes the gene for autosomal dominant congenital motor nystagmus to an 18-cM region between D6S271 and D6S455. 相似文献