水杉的未尽事宜

主要阐述与水杉有关的三个问题: 首先是水杉研究的教训, 特别是从编辑、作者和学者的角度; 其次讨论水杉研究的不明之处, 包括王战的标本是如何到达吴仲伦之手而转送给郑万钧的, 薛纪如和华敬灿谁先打听到小河的原产地, 三木茂的论文是如何到达中国而胡先骕又是如何得到的; 并讨论了水杉的栽培及栽培品种的注册以及水杉原产地的资源保护、旅游开发及宣传; 最后建议成立水杉博物馆, 编写中国植物采集史, 编写东亚植物分类学文献目录新续编。     

Do Energy Density and Dietary Fiber Influence Subsequent 5‐Year Weight Changes in Adult Men and Women?

Objective: We examined whether associations between dietary components and, in particular, energy density (ED) predicted subsequent 5‐year weight changes. Research Methods and Procedures: The present longitudinal population study was part of the Danish World Health Organization Multinational Monitoring of Trends and Determinants in Cardiovascular Disease (MONICA) and the 1936 cohort dietary studies. Effects of components were studied in relation to subsequent 5‐year weight changes in 862 men and 900 women, 30 to 60 years old. Linear multiple regression analyses were conducted. Results: Mean 5‐year changes in body weight (BW) were 1.2 ± 3.9 and 1.3 ± 4.6 kg for men and women, respectively. In general, neither ED nor any of the dietary components was associated with subsequent change in BW. In women, ED was positively associated with weight gain among the obese (BMI > 30 kg/m²) and inversely associated with weight gain in normal‐weight women (BMI < 25 kg/m²) (p = 0.01). However, in men there was a non‐ significant inverse trend between ED and weight gain in the obese and no significant interaction. Discussion: To our knowledge, this is the first prospective study to examine the associations between ED and subsequent changes in BW, and despite a general belief that ED is a major determinant of obesity, the present study did not generally lend support for an association. However, among certain subgroups, an energy‐dense diet may be a risk factor for weight development.     

Cotton Leaf Curl Virus： Ionic Status of Leaves and Symptom Development

In the present study, the relationship between the nutritional status of leaves and the development of symptoms of cotton leaf curl virus （CLCuV） in two cotton （Gossypium hirsutum L.） cuItlvars （I.e. CIM-240 and S-12） was Investigated. The incidence of disease attack was found to be 100% In the S-12 cuItlvar and 16% in the CIM-240 cuItivar. Geminivirus particles in infected leaves were confirmed by transmission electron microscope examination of highly specific geminivirus coat protein antlsera-treated cell sap. The CLCuV Impaired the accumulation of different nutrients in both cuItivars. A marked decrease in the accumulation of Ca^2＋ and K^＋ was observed in infected leaves. However, the disease had no effect on leaf concentrations of Na^＋, N, and P. It was observed that the curling of leaf margins in CLCuV-Infected plants was associated with the leaf Ca^2＋ content; leaf curling was severe in plants with a significant reduction In Ca^2＋ content. Moreover, leaf K＆＋ content was found to be associated with resistance/susceptibility to CLCuV infection.     

黄淮麦区小麦品种(系)的ISSR位点遗传多样性分析

选用11个ISSR引物,对黄淮麦区96个小麦推广品种（系）进行遗传多样性分析。共检测到96个多态性位点,每个引物多态性位点数平均为8．7个,变幅为3～23个;ISSR引物的多态性信息含量PIC变幅为0．601～0．941,平均0．791,表明ISSR具有较强的品种间区分能力,是研究小麦种质资源遗传多样性的有效分子标记技术之一。96个品种（系）间,Nei’s遗传相似系数变化范围为0．53～0．91,平均为0．60,品种间遗传相似性变幅较大,表明黄淮麦区不同小麦品种（系）间存在着不同程度的遗传多样性差异。根据品种间遗传相似系数聚类,96份材料被聚成8大类群,共14个亚类,类群与系谱和原产地无关。     

植物化感作用与生物多样性

本文简要地阐释了化感作用的含义、基本特征以及作用机制,并结合生物多样性理论,综述了化感作用研究中化感物种的多样性、化感物质的多样性及其释放途径的多样性,具体讨论了化感作用对物种多样性、遗传多样性及生态系统多样性中的种群生态、协同进化、土壤生境、生态系统功能和生物入侵等方面的可能影响。文中提出了化感作用的利用、管理应与生物多样性保护相统一的看法,并指出对化感作用与生物多样性的关系以及相互影响机制进行本质的探索,特别是对植物化感作用的生态服务功能与价值评估与探讨,可为保护生物学和系统生态学提供理论基础,这也是今后工作开展的一个重要方向。     

葡萄糖和木糖双底物生物转化生产2,3-丁二醇和氢气的代谢计量分析

以Klebsiella pneumoniae利用葡萄糖和木糖双底物生物转化生产2,3-丁二醇和氢气过程为研究对象,对其进行代谢计量分析。分析结果显示:2,3-丁二醇和氢气相对于底物葡萄糖和木糖的质量收率依赖于还原能力NADH2氧化磷酸化的分率(δ)。当δ=27时,即在总还原能力NADH2中有27mol NADH2被氧化磷酸化,剩余部分用来产生氢气,呼吸商为14时,2,3-丁二醇和氢气的最优质量收率分别为50%和0.8%;而当δ=1,即还原能力NADH2全部被氧化磷酸化、不产生氢气,呼吸商为4时,2,3-丁二醇的质量收率为37.5%;2,3-丁二醇和氢气的质量收率与底物中葡萄糖和木糖的比值无关。而氢气的摩尔收率与底物中葡萄糖和木糖的比值相关,当底物全部是葡萄糖或木糖时,其最优摩尔收率分别为71%和60%。该分析结果为葡萄糖和木糖双底物生物转化生产2,3-丁二醇过程的实验研究奠定了理论基础。     

瑞氏木霉内切葡聚糖酶Ⅰ及其CBD的噬菌体表面展示系统的构建

为研究纤维素酶的酶活性和吸附特性之间的关系,将瑞氏木霉内切葡聚糖酶Ⅰ(endoglucanaseⅠ,EGⅠ)和其吸附结构域(cellulose-binding domains,CBD)的基因经PCR扩增后,连接到载体pCANTAB5E上,构建成噬菌粒展示载体pCANTAB5E-egⅠ和pCANTAB5E-egⅠ-cbd。将这些噬菌体展示载体转化到大肠杆菌TGⅠ中,在辅助噬菌体M13KO7的帮助下得到重组噬菌体。用ELISA和Somogyi方法分别测定了EGⅠ及其CBD的表面展示噬菌体对纤维素的亲和性和EGⅠ的CMC活性,结果显示EGⅠ及其CBD已功能展示于噬菌体表面。该系统的成功构建为今后利用噬菌体展示的方法进行纤维素酶的酶分子改造提供了基础。     

Cotton Leaf Curl Virus: lonic Status of Leaves and Symptom Development

In the present study, the relationship between the nutritional status of leaves and the development of symptoms of cotton leaf curl virus (CLCuV) in two cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) cultivars (i.e. CIM-240 and S-12) was investigated. The incidence of disease attack was found to be 100% in the S-12 cultivar and 16% in the CIM-240 cultivar. Geminivirus particles in infected leaves were confirmed by transmission electron microscope examination of highly specific geminivirus coat protein antisera-treated cell sap. The CLCuV impaired the accumulation of different nutrients in both cultivars. A marked decrease in the accumulation of Ca2+ and K+ was observed in infected leaves. However, the disease had no effect on leaf concentrations of Na+, N, and P. It was observed that the curling of leaf margins in CLCuV-infected plants was associated with the leaf Ca2+ content; leaf curling was severe in plants with a significant reduction in Ca2+ content.Moreover, leaf K+ content was found to be associated with resistance/susceptibility to CLCuV infection.     

根施甜菜碱对水分胁迫下烟草幼苗光合机构的保护

以烟草品种大黄金5210（抗旱性强）和中烟100（抗旱性弱）为材料,研究了水分胁迫对烟草叶片光合机构的影响,并通过根部施用甜菜碱的方法,探讨了甜菜碱对烟草光合机构的保护作用。结果表明：水分胁迫导致烟草幼苗光合机构损伤,表现在叶绿素含量、PSII光化学效率、希尔反应活力以及类囊体膜ATPase活性下降,且对抗旱性弱的中烟100损伤更加严重。外源甜菜碱处理减轻了水分胁迫对以上指标的降低程度,特别是对干旱敏感型烟草品种中烟100的效果更加明显。甜菜碱的这种保护作用可能与它能够维持叶片中各种抗氧化酶活性、减轻活性氧的积累、保护类囊体膜上各种色素蛋白的功能以及缓解水分胁迫对膜的破坏作用有关。     

外源H2O2对湖北海棠根系线粒体膜透性和细胞核DNA的影响

用0．024％（V／V）H2O2处理湖北海棠（Malus hupehensis Rehd．）实生苗根系,30min后,根系线粒体膜通透,陛明显增大,线粒体膜电位（△ψm）和线粒体内Cyt c／a吸光度比值下降;60min后,根系细胞核DNA发生片段化降解。经荧光染料吖啶橙染色后,可见H2O2处理60min以上的根系压片中出现了清晰致密的黄绿色荧光宽,呈现出细胞程序,陛死亡（PCD）的特征。