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11.
TJS Alves GS Cruz V Wanderley-Teixeira AAC Teixeira JV Oliveira AA Correia 《Biotechnic & histochemistry》2014,89(4):245-255
The fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), not only damages crops, but controlling its population also requires synthetic insecticides, which leads to selection of resistant populations and environmental contamination. Essential oils are an alternative for controlling this insect. There are few studies of the effects of these oils on the insect's reproductive system. We evaluated the effects of the long pepper, Piper hispidinervum, essential oil on the gonads of the armyworm and tested its possible influence on the fertility of this insect. Dosages of 30 and 50 mg/ml were tested in 3rd instar caterpillars using the leaf immersion method. Testes and ovarioles were collected, fixed with 10% formalin and embedded in Historesin. The sections were stained with toluidine blue and Mallory trichrome to detect connective tissue, periodic acid-Schiff to detect neutral carbohydrates, and bromophenol blue to detect proteins. We found that the long pepper essential oil affected negatively the spermatogenesis and altered the histochemistry of the ovarioles of S. frugiperda. The effects of long pepper oil suggest that it is a promising tool for controlling the armyworm pest. 相似文献
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Carla GS Saad Ana CM Ribeiro Julio CB Moraes Liliam Takayama Celio R Goncalves Marcelo B Rodrigues Ricardo M de Oliveira Clovis A Silva Eloisa Bonfa Rosa MR Pereira 《Arthritis research & therapy》2012,14(5):R216
Introduction
Sclerostin levels have been reported to be low in ankylosing spondylitis (AS), but there is no data regarding the possible role of this Wnt inhibitor during anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF) therapy. The present study longitudinally evaluated sclerostin levels, inflammatory markers and bone mineral density (BMD) in AS patients under anti-TNF therapy.Methods
Thirty active AS patients were assessed at baseline, 6 and 12 months after anti-TNF therapy regarding clinical parameters, inflammatory markers, BMD and baseline radiographic damage (mSASSS). Thirty age- and sex-matched healthy individuals comprised the control group. Patients'' sclerostin levels, sclerostin binding low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 6 (LRP6) and BMD were evaluated at the same time points and compared to controls.Results
At baseline, AS patients had lower sclerostin levels (60.5 ± 32.7 vs. 96.7 ± 52.9 pmol/L, P = 0.002) and comparable sclerostin binding to LRP6 (P = 0.387) than controls. Improvement of Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index (BASDAI), Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index (BASFI), Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Metrology Index (BASMI), Ankylosing Spondylitis quality of life (ASQoL) was observed at baseline vs. 6 vs. 12 months (P < 0.01). Concomitantly, a gradual increase in spine BMD (P < 0.001) and a positive correlation between baseline mSASSS and spine BMD was found (r = 0.468, P < 0.01). Inflammatory parameters reduction was observed comparing baseline vs. 6 vs. 12 months (P <0.01). Sclerostin levels progressively increased [baseline (60.5 ± 32.7) vs. 6 months (67.1 ± 31.9) vs. 12 months (72.7 ± 32.3) pmol/L, P <0.001]. At 12 months, the sclerostin levels remained significantly lower in patients compared to controls (72.7 ± 32.3 vs. 96.70 ± 52.85 pmol/L, P = 0.038). Moreover, sclerostin serum levels at 12 months were lower in the 10 patients with high C reactive protein (CRP) (≥ 5 mg/l) compared to the other 20 patients with normal CRP (P = 0.004). Of note, these 10 patients with persistent inflammation also had lower sclerostin serum levels at baseline compared to the other patients (P = 0.023). Univariate logistic regression analysis demonstrated that AS patients with lower sclerostin serum levels had an increased risk to have high CRP at 12 months (odds ratio = 7.43, 95% CI 1.23 to 45.01, P = 0.020) than those with higher sclerostin values.Conclusions
Persistent low sclerostin levels may underlie continuous inflammation in AS patients under anti-TNF therapy. 相似文献14.
EG Smirnova GS Muromtsev AV Osipenko EE Khavkin LS Yaguzhinsky 《Biochemistry. Biokhimii?a》1998,63(9):1021-1028
Activation of highly specific biochemical processes by simple chemical agents is demonstrated for morphogenesis (anlage and development of female gametophyte in cereal) and mitosis (in cell cultures and animal and plant tissues). The effects of these agents are tissue-specific. Structure--activity relationship is analyzed in this group of compounds. Thus, the phenomenon reveals the exact pathways of the influence of allelopathic and anthropogenic chemical agents on evolution of plant biocenoses. 相似文献
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Nadareishvili KSh Todua FT Nikolaishvili MM Iordanishvili GS Ormotsadze GL Melitauri NN Nadareishvili DK Kazakhshvili MR 《Radiatsionnaia biologiia, radioecologiia / Rossi?skaia akademiia nauk》2007,47(4):481-492
This paper aims to present the study of rats' individual radiosensitivity dependence on their individual aggressiveness. On total irradiation in sublethal doses (1.0, 1.5 and 3.5 Gy) and in doses close to LD50/30 (6, 7 and 8 Gy) there was investigated comparative radiosensitivity of non-aggressive and aggressive rats of Wistar line, as well as that of non-aggressive individuals during provoked aggressiveness by means of blocking serotonin synthesis with intraperitoneal (i/p) injection of 400 mg/kg of parachlorphenylalanine (pCPA). Muricidity served as a criterion for aggressiveness and as a criterion of radiosensitivity--cumulative function of survival, the changes of behavior in "Open feald", serotonine and catecholamine content in various brain structures and the dose dependence on the radiation modification of muricidity. It has been found that after 1 Gy total X-irradiation the rats do not lose aggressiveness. Nevertheless the ethalogical parameters change in considerable degree. In the doses of 1.5 and 3.5 Gy muricidity is eluminated in 15-18 and 5-9 days, correspondingly. I/p injection of pCPA after the elimination of aggressiveness provokes transient muricidity in the same terms and duration as it is in case of non-aggressive rats. The elimination of muricidity is associated with changes in content and distribution of biogenic amines in various structures of brain, as well as with reduction of locomotor and reference-research activity, on the one hand and with an increase of emotionality and stereotype activity, on the other hand. After X-irradiation in 6, 7 and 8 Gy the regression coefficients of the dependence of functions type of survival on irradiation dose in aggressive rats is significantly reliable both in comparison with non-aggressive rats and animals with provoked aggressiveness. The change of mortality-rate per unit of changing irradiation dose not depend on blocking of serotonin synthesis, which deficit is one of the distinct determinant of aggressiveness, on the one hand, and higher radiosensitivity, on the other hand. The obtained data allow to suppose that elimination of muricidity after the irradiation of rats in the sublethal doses is conditioned not only by the consequenses of radiation damage of neurobiological structures responsible for the organization of aggressive behavior but the activation of serotonergic system in the process of restitution after radiation trauma. On the other hand, higher radiosensitivity of aggressive rats compared with non-aggressive ones is connected with low serotonin content, thiols and some other biologically active substances which are endogenous radioprotectors determining individual radioresistance. 相似文献
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Gene regulatory divergence among species estimated by altered developmental patterns in interspecific hybrids 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Disturbances in the schedules of gene expression in developing
interspecific fish hybrids have been used to draw inferences about the
extent of gene regulatory divergence between species and about the degree
to which this gene regulatory divergence is correlated with structural gene
divergence, as estimated by genetic distance. Sperm from each of 10
different species representing six genera within the family Centrarchidae
was used to fertilize eggs of the Florida largemouth bass (Micropterus
salmoides floridanus). The genetic distances (D; Nei 1978) between the
parental species used to form the hybrids ranged from 0.133 to 0.974. The
developmental success and temporal patterns of gene expression of each of
the hybrids were compared with those of the Florida largemouth bass. As the
genetic distance between the paternal species and the Florida largemouth
bass increased, there was a general decline in developmental success in the
hybrid embryos as demonstrated by the observed reductions in the percentage
of hatching and by progressively earlier and more extensive morphological
abnormalities. Concomitantly, progressively more marked alterations in
developmental schedules of expression of 15 enzyme loci occurred in the
hybrids as the genetic distance between parental species increased.
However, observed deviations from this trend for a few species may
represent an uncoupling of the rates and modes of evolution of structural
genes from those for genes regulating developmental processes.
相似文献
19.
A novel method, single-molecule anisotropy imaging, has been employed to simultaneously study lateral and rotational diffusion of fluorescence-labeled lipids on supported phospholipid membranes. In a fluid membrane composed of 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine, in which the rotational diffusion time is on the order of the excited-state lifetime of the fluorophore rhodamine, a rotational diffusion constant, D(rot) = 7 x 10(7) rad(2)/s, was determined. The lateral diffusion constant, measured by direct analysis of single-molecule trajectories, was D(lat) = 3.5 x 10(-8) cm(2)/s. As predicted from the free-volume model for diffusion, the results exhibit a significantly enhanced mobility on the nanosecond time scale. For membranes of DPPC lipids in the L(beta) gel phase, the slow rotational mobility permitted the direct observation of the rotation of individual molecules characterized by D(rot) = 1.2 rad(2)/s. The latter data were evaluated by a mean square angular displacement analysis. The technique developed here should prove itself profitable for imaging of conformational motions of individual proteins on the time scale of milliseconds to seconds. 相似文献
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Aflatoxin G1 (AFG1) was transformed into aflatoxin B3 (AFB3) by the fungiRhodotorula sp,Sporobolomyces sp,Rhizopus oryzae NRRL395,Pythium ultimum, Aspergillus terreus, A clavatus and Penicillium frequentans grown in a medium containing AFG1, Difco potato dextrose broth, yeast extract, and peptone both in liquid shaken cultures and in solid static cultures at 25°C in the dark. A maximum rate of transformation of 10 % was obtained after 2 to 3 weeks of incubation. The transformation was correlated with an increase in the pH of the media from 5.7 –5.9 to 8.3 – 8.8.Saccharomyces cerevisiae also transformed AFG1 into AFB3, but at a slower rate; the pH of the media did not reach above 8.0 until 5 weeks after incubation. No transformation was observed whenA niger andP chrysogenum were tested; in both cases, no increase in pH was noticed. However, some transformation of AFG1 to AFB3 by both fungi was observed when the initial pH of the media was adjusted to 9.0. The rate of transformation increased to 15 – 20% in the static culture where the same medium was adsorbed onto vermiculite andRhizopus andAspergilli gave the highest increase in AFB3 yield. 相似文献