Lipid peroxidation in regenerating rat liver

Rats entrained to a strictly regulated lighting and feeding schedule have been subjected to partial hepatectomy or a sham operation. In the partially hepatectomised animals the period of liver regeneration is characterised by regular bursts of thymidine kinase activity. Liver microsomes from rats, at times corresponding to maximum thymidine kinase activity, have much reduced rates of lipid peroxidation compared to control preparations: this is due in part to increased levels of lipid-soluble antioxidant at times of maximal DNA synthesis. This temporal relationship between thymidine kinase and lipid peroxidation is consistent with the view that lipid peroxidation is decreased prior to cell division.     

浙江江山公益林物种种间关系及CCA排序

利用浙江省江山市80个公益林固定小班监测数据,基于生态位理论、种间联结、CCA排序方法对研究区内群落优势种种间关系及其与环境的关系进行研究。结果表明:江山市公益林群落中杉木、檵木、紫萁分别在乔木、灌木、草本层中占优势地位;石栎与青冈、隔药柃与山苍子、蕨与海金沙的生态位重叠指数值分别在乔、灌、草本层中最大;而CCA协变量矩阵偏典范对应分析说明物种分布主要受海拔、坡度、坡向(光照强度)以及腐殖质厚度的影响,总体上可以对89.44%的环境因子进行解释。并且还表明,生态位宽度较大的物种其生态位重叠值较大,并在CCA排序图物种集中区分布。反之,生态位重叠较小,在CCA排序图中将偏离物种集中区;除此之外,在CCA排序图上,物种间的距离与其生态位重叠值的大小及种间联结均有密切的关联,若未存在显著的联结性,随物种间的生态位重叠值越高,其在CCA排序上的距离越近,若存在显著联结性,则正相关缩小距离,负相关拉大距离。     

大鼠下丘脑弓状核对导水管周围灰质—中缝大核系统的兴奋机制及其在电针效应中的作用

清醒箭毒化雄性大白鼠,在人工呼吸维持下,1.分析下丘脑弓状核(AR)兴奋中缝大核(NRM)的机制:观察到电刺激 AR 对 NRM 的兴奋效应,可因切断双侧 AR 至导水管周围灰质(PAG)的β-内啡肽(β-End)能束、PAG 内双侧注射纳洛酮或抗β-End 血清而绝大部分消失,提示 AR 对 NRM 的兴奋效应,主要通过 AR 区β-End 能神经元轴突与 PAG-NRM 系统的直接联系而实现;2.检验 AR 至 PAG-NRM 的神经通路在电针效应中的作用:实验显示上丘水平去大脑后,电针兴奋 NRM 的效应完全消失,表明此效应主要依赖中脑以上结构实现;进一步分别用 Halász 氏刀游离 AR、切断 AR 至 PAG 的β-End 能束、PAG 内注射纳洛酮或抗β-End 血清后,也使电针效应基本上完全消失,说明电针使 NRM神经元兴奋的效应,主要通过 AR 与 PAG-NRM 间的β-End 能神经通路实现。     

微生物肥料对猕猴桃高龄果园土壤改良和果实品质的影响

猕猴桃种植年限增加导致的连作障碍使土壤微生物结构失调、土壤酶活性及理化指标降低,进而严重降低了猕猴桃品质和产量.在大田试验条件下,本研究以果农传统施肥为对照,探究两种对猕猴桃幼苗有促生作用的微生物肥料JF和KF(通过无菌苗试验验证促生效果)对猕猴桃不同生育时期(发芽期、开花期、果实膨大期、果实成熟期、次年发芽期)土壤微生物结构、土壤酶活性、理化指标以及果实品质的影响.结果表明:两种微生物肥料均能显著提高猕猴桃果园土壤细菌、放线菌与真菌的比值,改善和平衡土壤微生物群落结构;同时显著提高猕猴桃果园土壤酶活性,其中蔗糖酶、脲酶、磷酸酶和多酚氧化酶较对照分别高17.9%～83.5%、7.9%～83.0%、7.3%～45.4%和8.1%～140.3%;增强土壤肥力(速效氮、磷、钾、全氮、全磷、全钾、有机质含量显著提高),降低土壤pH(较对照下降0.29～0.34个单位).施用微生物肥料后猕猴桃果实维生素C、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白等含量升高,可滴定酸含量下降.因此施用两种微生物肥料均能平衡土壤微生物群落结构,增强土壤肥力,提高猕猴桃果实品质.该研究结果可为微生物肥料在高龄猕猴桃果园的应用提供有力的理论依据.     

Art and anthropology for a sustainable world

Both art and anthropology, this article proposes, are future-oriented disciplines, united in the common task of fashioning a world fit for coming generations to inhabit. The first step in establishing this proposition is to show how the objectives of anthropology differ from those of ethnography. Anthropology, it is argued, establishes a relation with the world that is correspondent rather than tangential, that prioritizes difference over alterity, and that places presence before interpretative contextualization. The second step is to rethink the idea of research – to show how, as an open-ended search for truth and a practice of correspondence, research necessarily overflows the bounds of objectivity. Art and anthropology, then, and not natural science, are exemplary in the pursuit of truth as a way of knowing-in-being. The third step is to show that only if it is conceived in this way can research be conducive to the processes of renewal on which our collective futures depend. Thus research as correspondence is a condition for sustainability. But sustainability is nothing if it is not of everything. We have to begin, therefore, with the idea of everything as a plenum, in which each apparent addition is really a reworking. The article concludes with some reflections on the proposed synergy of art and anthropology for education, democracy, and citizenship.     

Genetic and morphological variation in Viola suavis s.l. (Violaceae) in the western Balkan Peninsula: two endemic subspecies revealed

The Balkan Peninsula, with many endemic species, is known as one of the most important speciation and diversification centres in Europe. Here, we present a study of the western Balkan populations of the polymorphic European species, V. suavis s.l., which have been reported under the name V. adriatica, but their taxonomic status and position within the genus have remained uncertain. Viola suavis s.l. and nine close relatives sampled across Europe were subjected to molecular (sequencing of nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacers and amplified fragment length polymorphism), karyological and morphometric analyses. Our results revealed the presence of four allopatric, genetically and morphologically differentiated lineages within V. suavis s.l. in Europe, which are suggested here to be recognized at the subspecific rank. Populations from the western Balkans were segregated into two distinct entities: (1) those from north-western Croatia correspond to the previously recognized taxon, V. suavis subsp. adriatica and (2) those from southern Dalmatia (southern Croatia, southern Bosnia and Herzegovina, and south-western Montenegro) are described here as V. suavis subsp. austrodalmatica subsp. nov. The other two lineages of V. suavis s.l., which both harbour blue- and white-flowered morphotypes, occur in central and eastern Europe (V. suavis subsp. suavis) and in north-eastern Spain (plants provisionally treated as V. suavis ‘Spain’). The AFLP and morphological data indicate gene flow between the nominate subspecies and V. suavis subsp. adriatica in a few localities. The distribution of the two western Balkan subspecies is discussed and an identification key to the V. suavis subspecies in Europe is presented.