全文获取类型
收费全文 | 2994篇 |
免费 | 207篇 |
国内免费 | 4篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 18篇 |
2022年 | 17篇 |
2021年 | 41篇 |
2020年 | 36篇 |
2019年 | 69篇 |
2018年 | 76篇 |
2017年 | 81篇 |
2016年 | 115篇 |
2015年 | 205篇 |
2014年 | 188篇 |
2013年 | 233篇 |
2012年 | 298篇 |
2011年 | 288篇 |
2010年 | 178篇 |
2009年 | 124篇 |
2008年 | 189篇 |
2007年 | 167篇 |
2006年 | 148篇 |
2005年 | 115篇 |
2004年 | 158篇 |
2003年 | 137篇 |
2002年 | 106篇 |
2001年 | 34篇 |
2000年 | 27篇 |
1999年 | 29篇 |
1998年 | 21篇 |
1997年 | 16篇 |
1996年 | 16篇 |
1995年 | 9篇 |
1994年 | 8篇 |
1993年 | 2篇 |
1992年 | 8篇 |
1991年 | 8篇 |
1990年 | 3篇 |
1989年 | 5篇 |
1986年 | 4篇 |
1985年 | 6篇 |
1984年 | 1篇 |
1983年 | 1篇 |
1982年 | 1篇 |
1981年 | 3篇 |
1980年 | 2篇 |
1978年 | 1篇 |
1977年 | 1篇 |
1976年 | 3篇 |
1975年 | 2篇 |
1956年 | 1篇 |
1952年 | 2篇 |
1951年 | 1篇 |
1950年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有3205条查询结果,搜索用时 655 毫秒
91.
Juan L. Fuentes Volker A. R. Huss Zaida Montero Rafael Torronteras María Cuaresma Inés Garbayo Carlos Vílchez 《Journal of applied phycology》2016,28(6):3269-3279
The genus Coccomyxa comprises green microalgae, which can be found worldwide in remarkably versatile aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems including symbiotic associations with a number of different hosts. In this study, we describe a new species, Coccomyxa onubensis, based on 18S and ITS ribosomal DNA (rDNA) sequence data. Coccomyxa onubensis was isolated from acidic water, and its ability to adapt to a wide range of acidic and alkaline pH values and to high salinity was analyzed. The long-term adaptation capacity of the microalga to such extreme conditions was evaluated by performing continuous repeated batches at selected salt concentrations and pH values. Adapted cultures of C. onubensis were found to yield high biomass productivities from pH 2.5 to 9, with maximum yields at acidic pH between 2.5 and 4.5. Moreover, C. onubensis was also found to adapt to salinities as high as 0.5 M NaCl, reaching biomass productivities that were similar to those of control cultures. Ultrastructural analysis by transmission electron microscopy of C. onubensis cells adapted to high salinity showed a robust response to hyperosmotic shock. Thus, C. onubensis was found to be acidotolerant and halotolerant. High biomass productivity over a wide range of pH and salinities denotes C. onubensis as an interesting candidate for various biotechnological applications including outdoor biomass production. 相似文献
92.
Kyoungjune Pak Yun Hak Kim Sunghwan Suh Tae Sik Goh Dae Cheon Jeong Seong Jang Kim In Joo Kim Myoung‐Eun Han Sae‐Ock Oh 《Journal of cellular and molecular medicine》2019,23(4):3010-3015
As the importance of personalized therapeutics in aggressive papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) increases, accurate risk stratification is required. To develop a novel prognostic scoring system for patients with PTC (n = 455), we used mRNA expression and clinical data from The Cancer Genome Atlas. We performed variable selection using Network‐Regularized high‐dimensional Cox‐regression with gene network from pathway databases. The risk score was calculated using a linear combination of regression coefficients and mRNA expressions. The risk score and clinical variables were assessed by several survival analyses. The risk score showed high discriminatory power for the prediction of event‐free survival as well as the presence of metastasis. In multivariate analysis, the risk score and presence of metastasis were significant risk factors among the clinical variables that were examined together. In the current study, we developed a risk scoring system that will help to identify suitable therapeutic options for PTC. 相似文献
93.
Jeongjoo Lee You‐Hyun Seo Sung‐Nam Kwon Do‐Hyung Kim Seokhoon Jang Hyeonwoo Jung Youngu Lee Hasitha Weerasinghe Taehyo Kim Jin Young Kim Doojin Vak Seok‐In Na 《Liver Transplantation》2019,9(36)
The record efficiency of the state‐of‐the‐art polymer solar cells (PSCs) is rapidly increasing, due to the discovery of high‐performance photoactive donor and acceptor materials. However, strong questions remain as to whether such high‐efficiency PSCs can be produced by scalable processes. This paper reports a high power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 13.5% achieved with single‐junction ternary PSCs based on PTB7‐Th, PC71BM, and COi8DFIC fabricated by slot‐die coating, which shows the highest PCE ever reported in PSCs fabricated by a scalable process. To understand the origin of the high performance of the slot‐die coated device, slot‐die coated photoactive films and devices are systematically investigated. These results indicate that the good performance of the slot‐die PSCs can be due to a favorable molecule‐structure and film‐morphology change by introducing 1,8‐diiodooctane and heat treatment, which can lead to improved charge transport with reduced carrier recombination. The optimized condition is then used for the fabrication of large‐area modules and also for roll‐to‐roll fabrication. The slot‐die coated module with 30 cm2 active‐area and roll‐to‐roll produced flexible PSC has shown 8.6% and 9.6%, respectively. These efficiencies are the highest in each category and demonstrate the strong potential of the slot‐die coated ternary system for commercial applications. 相似文献
94.
95.
Vilizzi Lorenzo Copp Gordon H. Adamovich Boris Almeida David Chan Joleen Davison Phil I. Dembski Samuel Ekmekçi F. Güler Ferincz Árpád Forneck Sandra C. Hill Jeffrey E. Kim Jeong-Eun Koutsikos Nicholas Leuven Rob S. E. W. Luna Sergio A. Magalhães Filomena Marr Sean M. Mendoza Roberto Mourão Carlos F. Neal J. Wesley Onikura Norio Perdikaris Costas Piria Marina Poulet Nicolas Puntila Riikka Range Inês L. Simonović Predrag Ribeiro Filipe Tarkan Ali Serhan Troca Débora F. A. Vardakas Leonidas Verreycken Hugo Vintsek Lizaveta Weyl Olaf L. F. Yeo Darren C. J. Zeng Yiwen 《Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries》2019,29(3):529-568
Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries - The freshwater Fish Invasiveness Screening Kit (FISK) has been applied in 35 risk assessment areas in 45 countries across the six inhabited continents (11... 相似文献
96.
97.
Nguyen Thu Thi Hwang In Yeub Na Jeong Geol Lee Eun Yeol 《Journal of industrial microbiology & biotechnology》2019,46(5):675-685
Journal of Industrial Microbiology & Biotechnology - Propane is the main component of liquefied petroleum gas and is derived from crude oil processing. Methanotrophic bacteria can convert... 相似文献
98.
Anna P. Florentino Inês A. C. Pereira Sjef Boeren Michael van den Born Alfons J. M. Stams Irene Sánchez-Andrea 《Environmental microbiology》2019,21(1):209-225
Many questions regarding proteins involved in microbial sulfur metabolism remain unsolved. For sulfur respiration at low pH, the terminal electron acceptor is still unclear. Desulfurella amilsii is a sulfur-reducing bacterium that respires elemental sulfur (S0) or thiosulfate, and grows by S0 disproportionation. Due to its versatility, comparative studies on D. amilsii may shed light on microbial sulfur metabolism. Requirement of physical contact between cells and S0 was analyzed. Sulfide production decreased by around 50% when S0 was trapped in dialysis membranes, suggesting that contact between cells and S0 is beneficial, but not strictly needed. Proteome analysis was performed under the aforementioned conditions. A Mo-oxidoreductase suggested from genome analysis to act as sulfur reductase was not detected in any growth condition. Thiosulfate and sulfite reductases showed increased abundance in thiosulfate-reducing cultures, while rhodanese-like sulfurtransferases were highly abundant in all conditions. DsrE and DsrL were abundantly detected during thiosulfate reduction, suggesting a modified mechanism of sulfite reduction. Proteogenomics suggest a different disproportionation pathway from what has been reported. This work points to an important role of rhodaneses in sulfur processes and these proteins should be considered in searches for sulfur metabolism in broader fields like meta-omics. 相似文献
99.
Yong‐Han Kim In‐Won Lee Yu‐Jin Jo Nam‐Hyung Kim Suk Namgoong 《Molecular reproduction and development》2019,86(8):972-983
Mammalian oocytes lack centrioles but can generate bipolar spindles using several different mechanisms. For example, mouse oocytes have acentriolar microtubule organization centers (MTOCs) that contain many components of the centrosome, and which initiate microtubule polymerization. On the contrary, human oocytes lack MTOCs and the Ran‐mediated mechanisms may be responsible for spindle assembly. Complete knowledge of the different mechanisms of spindle assembly is lacking in various mammalian oocytes. In this study, we demonstrate that both MTOC‐ and Ran‐mediated microtubule nucleation are required for functional meiotic metaphase I spindle generation in porcine oocytes. Acentriolar MTOC components, including Cep192 and pericentrin, were absent in the germinal vesicle and germinal vesicle breakdown stages. However, they start to colocalize to the spindle microtubules, but are absent in the meiotic spindle poles. Knockdown of Cep192 or inhibition of Polo‐like kinase 1 activity impaired the recruitment of Cep192 and pericentrin to the spindles, impaired microtubule assembly, and decreased the polar body extrusion rate. When the RanGTP gradient was perturbed by the expression of dominant negative or constitutively active Ran mutants, severe defects in microtubule nucleation and cytokinesis were observed, and the localization of MTOC materials in the spindles was abolished. These results demonstrate that the stepwise involvement of MTOC‐ and Ran‐mediated microtubule assembly is crucial for the formation of meiotic spindles in porcine oocytes, indicating the diversity of spindle formation mechanisms among mammalian oocytes. 相似文献
100.
Hyunsoo Kang Byeonghyeok Park Nicole R. Bolo Duleepa Pathiraja Shinyoung Park Minseok Cha In‐G. Choi In S. Chang 《Biotechnology journal》2019,14(6)
Syngas fermentation is largely dependent on acetogens that occur in various anaerobic environmental samples including soil, sediment, and feces. Here the authors report the metagenomic isolation of acetogens for C2 chemical production from syngas. Screening acetogens for C2 chemical production typically involves detecting the presence of the Wood‐Ljungdahl Pathway for carbon monoxide conversion. The authors collect samples from river‐bed sediments potentially having conditions suitable for carbon monoxide‐converting anaerobes, and enrich the samples under carbon monoxide selection pressure. Changes in the microbial community during the experimental procedure are investigated using both amplicon and shotgun metagenome sequencing. Combined next‐generation sequencing techniques enabl in situ tracking of the major acetogenic bacterial group and lead to the discovery of a 16 kb of gene cluster for WLP. The authors isolat an acetogenic clostridial strain from the enrichment culture (strain H21‐9). The functional activity of H21‐9 is confirmed by its high level of production of C2 chemicals from carbon monoxide (77.4 mM acetate and 2.5 mM of ethanol). This approach of incorporating experimental enrichment with metagenomic analysis can facilitate the discovery of novel strains from environmental habitats by tracking target strains during the screening process, combined with validation of their functional activity. 相似文献