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31.
Heavy metal concentrations in the breast milk of Saudi women 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Lead, cadmium, and mercury concentrations were determined in breast milk of Saudi lactating mothers from Riyadh and Al-Ehssa
regions in Saudi Arabia who were not occupationally exposed. The mean levels for cadmium, lead, and mercury were 1.732 μg/L,
31.671 μg/L, and 3.100 μg/L, respectively. In contrast to mercury, mothers living in the Al-Ehssa region had significantly
higher cadmium and lead concentrations in their breast milk than those in the Riyadh region. The estimated weekly intakes
of cadmium, lead, and mercury of breast-fed infants in this study were in some cases higher than the Provisional Tolerance
Weekly Intake (PTWI) recommended by FAO/WHO, which pose a threat to their health. This necessitates the urgent need to undertake
a comprehensive study to determine the sources of exposure to these heavy metals. Breast-feeding is of great benefical value
for the infant’s development; therefore, efforts should be made to prevent its contamination with environmental pollutants. 相似文献
32.
Regeneration and transformation via Agrobacterium tumefaciens of the strawberry cultivar Chandler 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Barceló Marta El-Mansouri Iman Mercado José A. Quesada Miguel A. Pliego Alfaro Fernando 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》1998,54(1):29-36
The effects of growth regulator balance and culture conditions on the morphogenetic response of leaf disks from greenhouse
grown plants of the strawberry cultivar Chandler, have been studied. Best results were obtained in the presence of 2.46 μM
IBA and 8.88 μM BA, where 47% of the cultures regenerated after 16 weeks with 2.9 shoot colonies per regenerating leaf disk.
Optimum incubation conditions included two weeks in the dark with subsequent transfer to light (40 μmol m-2 s-1, 16 h). The
regeneration protocol was also valuable when leaf disks from in vitro grown plants were used as explants. Transformation was
attempted using Agrobacterium tumefaciens carrying the plasmid pBI121. Leaf disks from in vitro cultures proliferating in
the presence of 2.21 μM kinetin were best explants for transformation. A 4.22% of inoculated explants showed kanamycin resistance
after 16 weeks in a medium containing 25 mg l-1 of this antibiotic. The transgenic nature of several shoots was also confirmed
by the GUS assay and PCR analysis.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
33.
Iman Mehdizadeh Gohari Valeria R. Parreira Victoria J. Nowell Vivian M. Nicholson Kaitlyn Oliphant John F. Prescott 《PloS one》2015,10(4)
A role for type A Clostridium perfringens in acute hemorrhagic and necrotizing gastroenteritis in dogs and in necrotizing enterocolitis of neonatal foals has long been suspected but incompletely characterized. The supernatants of an isolate made from a dog and from a foal that died from these diseases were both found to be highly cytotoxic for an equine ovarian (EO) cell line. Partial genome sequencing of the canine isolate revealed three novel putative toxin genes encoding proteins related to the pore-forming Leukocidin/Hemolysin Superfamily; these were designated netE, netF, and netG. netE and netF were located on one large conjugative plasmid, and netG was located with a cpe enterotoxin gene on a second large conjugative plasmid. Mutation and complementation showed that only netF was associated with the cytotoxicity. Although netE and netG were not associated with cytotoxicity, immunoblotting with specific antisera showed these proteins to be expressed in vitro. There was a highly significant association between the presence of netF with type A strains isolated from cases of canine acute hemorrhagic gastroenteritis and foal necrotizing enterocolitis. netE and netF were found in all cytotoxic isolates, as was cpe, but netG was less consistently present. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis showed that netF-positive isolates belonged to a clonal population; some canine and equine netF-positive isolates were genetically indistinguishable. Equine antisera to recombinant Net proteins showed that only antiserum to rNetF had high supernatant cytotoxin neutralizing activity. The identifica-tion of this novel necrotizing toxin is an important advance in understanding the virulence of type A C. perfringens in specific enteric disease of animals. 相似文献
34.
Steven G. Smith Kaatje Smits Simone A. Joosten Krista E. van Meijgaarden Iman Satti Helen A. Fletcher Nadia Caccamo Francesco Dieli Francoise Mascart Helen McShane Hazel M. Dockrell Tom H. M. Ottenhoff TBVI TB Biomarker Working Group 《PloS one》2015,10(9)
Intracellular cytokine staining combined with flow cytometry is one of a number of assays designed to assess T-cell immune responses. It has the specific advantage of enabling the simultaneous assessment of multiple phenotypic, differentiation and functional parameters pertaining to responding T-cells, most notably, the expression of multiple effector cytokines. These attributes make the technique particularly suitable for the assessment of T-cell immune responses induced by novel tuberculosis vaccines in clinical trials. However, depending upon the particular nature of a given vaccine and trial setting, there are approaches that may be taken at different stages of the assay that are more suitable than other alternatives. In this paper, the Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative (TBVI) TB Biomarker Working group reports on efforts to assess the conditions that will determine when particular assay approaches should be employed. We have found that choices relating to the use of fresh whole blood or peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and frozen PBMC; use of serum-containing or serum-free medium; length of stimulation period and use of co-stimulatory antibodies can all affect the sensitivity of intracellular cytokine assays. In the case of sample material, frozen PBMC, despite some loss of sensitivity, may be more advantageous for batch analysis. We also recommend that for multi-site studies, common antibody panels, gating strategies and analysis approaches should be employed for better comparability. 相似文献
35.
The purpose of this study was to prepare sublingual tablets, containing the antiasthmatic drug ketotifen fumarate which suffers an extensive first-pass effect, using the fast-melt granulation technique. The powder mixtures containing the drug were agglomerated using a blend of polyethylene glycol 400 and 6000 as meltable hydrophilic binders. Granular mannitol or granular mannitol/sucrose mixture were used as fillers. A mechanical mixer was used to prepare the granules at 40°C. The method involved no water or organic solvents, which are used in conventional granulation, and hence no drying step was included, which saved time. Twelve formulations were prepared and characterized using official and non official tests. Three formulations showed the best results and were subjected to an ex vivo permeation study using excised chicken cheek pouches. The formulation F4I possessed the highest permeation coefficient due to the presence of the permeation enhancer (polyethylene glycol) in an amount which allowed maximum drug permeation, and was subjected to a pharmacokinetic study using rabbits as an animal model. The bioavailability of F4I was significantly higher than that of a commercially available dosage form (Zaditen® solution-Novartis Pharma-Egypt) (p > 0.05). Thus, fast-melt granulation allowed for rapid tablet disintegration and an enhanced permeation of the drug through the sublingual mucosa, resulting in increased bioavailabililty.Key words: chicken pouches, fast-melt granulation, ketotifen fumarate, permeation, sublingual tablet, Zaditen® 相似文献
36.
Scheffler C Ketelhut K Mohasseb I 《Anthropologischer Anzeiger; Bericht über die biologisch-anthropologische Literatur》2007,65(2):193-201
The aim of the study is the analysis of body composition, motor development and cardiovascular parameters of preschool-children. In 2001/2002 a longitudinal study started in 17 nursery schools in Berlin. A total of 160 children out of the 264 children participated in a regular exercise programme. After 24 months of training significant differences of body composition, motor skills and cardiovascular parameters between 5 complete year old children of the intervention and the control group were observed. The results show that such an exercise programme is successful as a preventive measure to decrease the risk of obesity. 相似文献
37.
Mliji el M Hamadi F Latrache H Cohen N El Ghmari A Timinouni M 《The new microbiologica》2007,30(1):19-27
The formation of biofilm is a universal bacterial survival strategy. Biofilms occur on inert and living support in the natural environment and in industrial installations. This microenvironment leads to the horizontal transfer of genetic material between bacteria by physical contact. In order to evaluate the relationship between biofilm-forming capabilities, surface characteristics and plasmid content we purified from Salmonella a plasmid conferring resistance to cephalosporin and transferred it by electroporation to E.coli DH10B originally unable to form biofilm in inert surface. We demonstrated the association between a plasmid conferring resistance to expanded-spectrum cephalosporin and biofilm formation. We also noted that this plasmid influences the cell surface properties and cell motility. 相似文献
38.
Al-Saleh Iman Alrushud Nujud Alnuwaysir Hissah Elkhatib Rola Shoukri Mohamed Aldayel Fouad Bakheet Razan Almozaini Maha 《Biometals》2022,35(1):125-145
BioMetals - The role of micronutrient deficiency in the pathogenesis of COVID-19 has been reviewed in the literature; however, the data are limited and conflicting. This study investigated the... 相似文献
39.
Christianne Mounir Zaki Rizkalla Randa latif Aziz Iman Ibrahim Soliman 《AAPS PharmSciTech》2011,12(3)
Hydroxyzine HCl is used in oral formulations for the treatment of urticaria and atopic dermatitis. Dizziness, blurred vision, and anticholinergic responses, represent the most common side effects. It has been shown that controlled release of the drug from a delivery system to the skin could reduce the side effects while reducing percutaneous absorption. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to produce an effective drug-loaded dosage form that is able to control the release of hydroxyzine hydrochloride into the skin. The Microsponge Delivery System is a unique technology for the controlled release of topical agents, and it consists of porous polymeric microspheres, typically 10–50 μm in diameter, loaded with active agents. Eudragit RS-100 microsponges of the drug were prepared by the oil in an oil emulsion solvent diffusion method using acetone as dispersing solvent and liquid paraffin as the continuous medium. Magnesium stearate was added to the dispersed phase to prevent flocculation of Eudragit RS-100 microsponges. Pore inducers such as sucrose and pregelatinized starch were used to enhance the rate of drug release. Microsponges of nearly 98% encapsulation efficiency and 60–70% porosity were produced. The pharmacodynamic effect of the chosen preparation was tested on the shaved back of histamine-sensitized rabbits. Histopathological studies were driven for the detection of the healing of inflamed tissues.KEYWORDS: hydroxyzine HCl, microsponges, oil in oil emulsion solvent diffusion, skin delivery 相似文献
40.