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101.
Nagatoshi Fujiwara Jiongwei Pan Kyoko Enomoto Yoshitake Terano Takeshi Honda Ikuya Yano 《FEMS immunology and medical microbiology》1999,24(2):141-149
An ELISA with cord factor (trehalose-6,6'-dimycolate) is useful for the serodiagnosis of tuberculosis. To clarify the exact antigenic epitope in cord factor, recognized by a rabbit anti-cord factor IgG antibody, and to ascertain the most sensitive and specific diagnostic test antigen, rabbits were immunized with two kinds of cord factors isolated from Mycobacterium tuberculosis or Mycobacterium avium and the reactivities of the sera were tested against cord factors or the component mycolic acid methyl esters by ELISA. The serum from rabbits immunized with M. tuberculosis cord factor was highly reactive against M. tuberculosis cord factor, but less reactive against M. avium cord factor. In contrast, the serum from rabbits immunized with M. avium cord factor was highly reactive against M. avium cord factor but less reactive against M. tuberculosis cord factor. Moreover, the serum from rabbits immunized with M. tuberculosis cord factor reacted against mycolic acid methyl esters, especially methoxy mycolic acid methyl ester. On the other hand, the serum from rabbits immunized with M. tuberculosis cord factor was less reactive against trehalose-6-monomycolate and not reactive against sulfolipid (2,3,6,6'-tetraacyl trehalose 2'-sulfate). From these results, it was concluded that the anti-cord factor IgG antibody, produced experimentally in rabbits, recognized the differences in the cord factor structures, i.e. the hydrophobic moiety rather than the carbohydrate moiety. It was also noted that the serum from rabbits immunized with M. tuberculosis cord factor was highly reactive against methoxy mycolic acid as an epitope. This paper is the first to describe how the anti-cord factor IgG antibody can recognize the mycolic acid subclasses, which differ according to the species of mycobacteria. 相似文献
102.
Kawashima T Norose Y Watanabe Y Enomoto Y Narazaki H Watari E Tanaka S Takahashi H Yano I Brenner MB Sugita M 《Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)》2003,170(11):5345-5348
MHC class I-restricted CD8(+) T cells are a crucial component of the host defense against mycobacterial infection in mice, but it has often proved very difficult to identify the CD8 T cell response in humans. Human group 1 CD1 molecules (CD1a, -b, -c) mediate MHC-independent presentation of mycobacteria-derived lipid and glycolipid Ags to CD8(+) T cells, and their intracellular localization to the endocytic system may favor efficient monitoring of phagosome-resident mycobacteria. Here, we show that bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG)-immunized subjects contain a significant circulating pool of CD8(+) T cells that recognize BCG-infected DCs in a CD1-dependent, but MHC-independent, manner. These CD1-restricted T cells efficiently detected live, rather than dead, BCG and produced IFN-gamma, an important cytokine for protection against mycobacterial infection. These results emphasize that lipid-reactive CD8(+) T cells may contribute to host defense against mycobacterial infection. 相似文献
103.
Kumaki S Ishii N Minegishi M Ohashi Y Hakozaki I Nonoyama S Imai K Morio T Tsuge I Sakiyama Y Miyanoshita A Miura J Mayumi M Heike T Katamura K Takada H Izumi I Kamizono J Hibi S Sasaki H Kimura M Kikuta A Date Y Sako M Tanaka H Sano K Sugamura K Tsuchiya S 《Human genetics》2000,107(4):406-408
X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency (X-SCID) is a rare fatal disease that is caused by mutations in the gene encoding the gammac chain. In this study, 27 unrelated Japanese patients with X-SCID were examined in terms of their genetic mutations and surface expression of the gammac chain. Among 25 patients examined, excluding two patients with large deletions, 23 different mutations were identified in the IL2RG gene, including 10 novel mutations. One patient bearing an extracellular mutation and all three of the patients bearing intracellular mutations after exon 7 expressed the gammac chain on the cell surface. Overall, 84% of patients lacked surface expression of the gammac chain leading to a diagnosis of X-SCID. 相似文献
104.
The natural alkaloid sanguinarine promotes the expression of heat shock protein genes in Arabidopsis
Small-molecule heat shock response inducers are known to enhance heat tolerance in plants. In this paper, we report that a plant alkaloid enhances the heat tolerance of Arabidopsis. We investigated 12 commercially available alkaloids to determine whether they enhance the heat tolerance of Arabidopsis seedlings using an in vitro assay system with geldanamycin, which is a known heat shock response inducer, as a positive control. Accordingly we found that the isoquinoline alkaloid sanguinarine can enhance heat tolerance in Arabidopsis. No such effect was shown for the other 11 alkaloids. The sanguinarine treatment increased the expression of heat shock protein genes such as HSP17.6C-CI, HSP70, and HSP90.1, which were up-regulated by geldanamycin. Treatments with other isoquinoline alkaloids (berberine and papaverine), which showed few heat tolerance-enhancing effects, did not promote the expression of the heat shock protein genes. These results suggest that sanguinarine influenced the heat tolerance of Arabidopsis by enhancing the expression of heat shock protein genes. 相似文献
105.
Hikaru Tanaka Mikiharu Yoshida Tsuneo Ishiguro Chikahiko Eguchi Ikuya Nonaka Eijiro Ozawa 《Protoplasma》1989,152(2-3):109-111
Summary We examined the morphological expression of dystrophin in the intrafusal muscle fibers in skeletal muscle from normal human and Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) patients, using antisera against the N-terminal and C-terminal regions of dystrophin. The intrafusal fibers of normal muscle express dystrophin on their cell surface membrane, but those of DMD muscle do not.Abbreviation DMD
Duchenne muscular dystrophy 相似文献
106.
107.
108.
Summary The Duchenne muscular dystrophy gene product dystrophin has been shown to be located on the inside of the plasma membrane. We investigated the developmental expression of dystrophin on rat skeletal muscle plasma membrane with the antiserum raised against a fragment of the polypeptide predicted from the human dystrophin cDNA map [Koenig et al. (1987) Cell 50: 509–517]. Plasma membrane of primary myotubes of the extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscle was not initially stained by the antiserum; staining began at day 19 of embryonic life, and plasma membrane of all polynuclear muscle cells including secondary myotubes was uniformly stained by day 5 after birth. These immunohistochemical findings were supported by immunoblot analysis. These results indicate that plasma membrane of myotubes at their first appearance is not lined with dystrophin at the detectable level but becomes lined as their development proceeds. 相似文献
109.
Seiko Yamaguchi Yoshiko Miyazaki Shiro Oka Ikuya Yano 《FEMS immunology and medical microbiology》1996,13(2):107-111
Abstract Recently, extensive attention has been paid to the physiological function of glycosphingolipids (GSLs) of mammalian cell membranes. Among a variety of GSLs, sulfatide (galactosylceramide-3-sulfate) has been proposed to be a specific receptor or binding molecule to microorganisms. However, no report has appeared on the direct stimulation by sulfatide for cellular function differentiation in phagocytic cells. We found that sulfatide showed a marked stimulation for phagocytic processes of human peripheral polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) using heat-killed cells of Staphylococcus aureus coated with isolated lipid. Among mammalian acidic GSLs, sulfatide showed the highest stimulative activity for adhesion, phagocytosis and phagosome—lysosome (P-L) fusion by PMN. On the other hand, neutral GSLs did not stimulate essentially. Relative phagocytic rate of sulfatide-coated staphylococci was six times higher than that of the non-coated control and P-L fusion rate was ten times at maximum, respectively. Although the promotion mechanism of sulfatide for such phagocytosis or P-L fusion is not clear, it was strongly suggested that the existence of negative charges on carbohydrate moiety may be essential for the induction of differentiation of phagocytic cell function via signal transduction systems. 相似文献
110.
The environmental stresses that sessile organisms experience usually fluctuate dramatically and are often recurrent. Terrestrial plants can acquire memory of exposure to sublethal heat stress to acquire thermotolerance and survive subsequent lethal high‐temperature stress; however, little is known concerning whether seaweeds acquire thermotolerance via heat‐stress memory. We have demonstrated that the red seaweed Bangia fuscopurpurea can indeed acquire memory of sublethal high‐temperature stress, resulting in the acquisition of thermotolerance that protects against subsequent lethal high‐temperature stress. Moreover, the maintenance of heat‐stress memory was associated with a slight increase in the saturation level of membrane fatty acids. This suggests that the modification of membrane fluidity via changes in membrane fatty acid composition is involved in the establishment and maintenance of heat‐stress memory in B. fuscopurpurea. These findings provide insights into the physiological survival and growth strategies of sessile red seaweeds to cope with recurrent changes in environmental conditions. 相似文献