Polyclonal antibodies against rat liver cytosolic casein kinase II (CK-2) cross-react with CK-2 from other tissues and nuclear form (PK-N2) of the enzyme

Casein kinase II (CK-2) is a ubiquitous serine/threonine protein kinase, and is localized to both the cell nucleus and cytoplasm. Despite extensive biochemical similarities in their properties, there is evidence that the two forms of the enzyme exhibit certain distinctions (1). This prompted us to produce antibodies against CK-2, which could be utilized as a possible tool for investigations of the various forms of this enzyme. Specific polyclonal antibodies against the rat liver cytosolic CK-2 were raised in egg yolk of laying hens; the enzyme had repeatedly failed to elicit an immunogenic response in rabbits. The purified polyclonal antibody (egg yolk immunoglobulin, IgY) recognized all three subunits (42, 38, and 28 kDa) of the enzyme in immunoblots. The antibody when bound to a matrix was capable of removing CK-2 from solution, and the bound enzyme could be recovered from the immunoaffinity matrix with 0.1 M diethylamine. The antibody exhibited a high affinity towards CK-2 prepared from cytosol of liver, ventral prostate, and several other rat tissues, but no immunoreactivity was detected towards a number of other protein kinases tested. The subunits of the nuclear form of CK-2 (PK-N2) migrated differently when electrophoresed in parallel in the same gel. However, the antibody did cross-react with the various subunits of PK-N2 suggesting a significant homology in the immunogenic domains in the various subunits of the two forms of the enzyme.     

Purification and Characterization of a Human Brain Galectin-1 Ligand

Abstract: Our previous studies have characterized an endogenous lectin from human brain identified as galectin-1. A soluble ligand of galectin-1 was purified from human brain by affinity chromatography and preparative electrophoresis. The purified ligand (termed HBGp82, for human brain galectin-1-binding polypeptide of 82,000 daltons) has an apparent molecular mass of 82 kDa and is glycosylated by N -linked biantennary complex structures. HBGp82 was partially characterized by microsequencing of peptide fragments. Similar peptides were found in a heat shock of protein of 90,000 daltons, hsp90. However, comparison of apparent molecular weights and matrix-assisted laser desorption mass spectrometry clearly showed that HBGp82 differs to some degree from hsp90.     

Microwaves induce an increase in the frequency of complement receptor-bearing lymphoid spleen cells in mice.

A single 30-min exposure of mice to 2450 MHz microwaves (12 to 15 mW/g body weight) in an environmentally controlled waveguide facility induced a significant increase in the proportion of complement-receptor positive lymphoid cells in the spleen. This effect was further enhanced by repeated (three times) exposures, which in addition produced a significant increase in the proportion of Ig+ cells. The proportion of theta-positive cells and the total number of spleen cells remained unchanged.     

Melampolides from Enhydra fluctuans var. Fluctuans

The investigation of the aerial parts of a variety of Enhydra fluctuans afforded in addition to 4-hydroxyfarnesyl acetate and fluctuadin five new melampolides elucidated by high field ¹H NMR spectroscopy. The chemotaxonomic situation is discussed briefly.     

Stoichiometry and apparent dissociation constant of the calcium-arsenazo III reaction under physiological conditions.

In vitro and in situ tests have been run to characterize the reaction of the mettalochromic indicator, arsenazo III, with calcium. Job plots as well as plots of indicator absorbance vs. [Ca2+] at different indicator concentrations show a 1:1 reaction stoichiometry. Equilibrium analysis and analysis using Adair's equation are also consistent with 1:1 complexes being formed and give estimates of 34 and 45 muM for the apparent dissociation constant. In situ tests were carried out using giant neurons from Archidoris monteryensis, a marine gastropod mollusc. Dye absorbance changes were measured during voltage clamp pulses which produced a fixed calcium influx. The dependence of absorbance change on total dye concentration is consistent with the formation of a 1:1 complex of Ca with ArIII if measurements are made during the initial period of the loading pulse, less than 300 ms, although the apparent dependency changes with longer delay in measurements from the onset of the pulse.     

Mitochondrial degeneration after organic phosphate poisoning in prosimian primates

Summary The degenerative reaction of mitochondria to tricresylphosphate (TCP) poisoning in spinal ganglion cells of Slow Loris (Nycticebus coucang coucang) were studied with the electron microscope. In neurones of animals treated with TCP, mitochondria display various stages of alterations which confirm mitochondrial involvement in TCP poisoning. The role of degenerated mitochondria in the formation of neuronal lipofuscin is discussed. It is suggested that the lipofuscin granule is a metabolic product inherently related to mitochondrial degeneration, irrespective of the primary cause: ageing or intoxication.Fellow of the Deutscher Akademischer Austauschdienst on study leave from the Medical Faculty, University of SingaporeA grant from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (Gl. 28/20) is gratefully acknowledgedThe skilfull technical assistance of Mr. Tajuddin b.M. Ali, Mr. P. Gopal, Mr. R. Dungan and Mrs. C. Weinrichter is gratefully acknowledged     

Acidic-phosphoprotein phosphatase activity of rat ventral prostate nuclei: apparent lack of effect of androgens.

A protein phosphatase activity has been demonstrated in nuclei of rat ventral prostate utilizing 32P-labelled phosvitin as a model acidic phosphoprotein substrate. This phosphoprotein phosphatase has a pH optimum of 6.7, is unaffected by the sulphydryl protecting agent 2-mercaptoethanol, and requires a divalent cation for maximal activity. Of the various divalent cations tested, Mg2+ is the most effective in reactivating the EDTA-inhibited enzyme. The phosphatase is inhibited by sodium flouride, sodium oxalate, N-ethylmaleimide, ATP and ADP but is relatively insensitive to ammonium molybdate. Increased ionic strength of the reaction medium also causes a reduction in the enzyme activity, e.g., by 48% at 200 mM sodium chloride. The activity of the acidic phosphoprotein phosphatase did not change significantly at 48 h or 96 h post-orchiectomy when expressed per unit of nuclear protein. However, it is reduced by approx. 30% at these times after castration if based on DNA content. The decline in activity per nucleus reflects the decrease in the realtive nuclear protein content observed at 48 h or 96 h post-orchiectomy. This suggests that the decline in the phosphorylation of prostatic nuclear acidic proteins which occurs upon androgen withdrawal is not due to increased nuclear phosphatase activity.     

Design and synthesis of thiazolidine-2,4-diones hybrids with 1,2-dihydroquinolones and 2-oxindoles as potential VEGFR-2 inhibitors: in-vitro anticancer evaluation and in-silico studies

A thiazolidine-2,4-dione nucleus was molecularly hybridised with the effective antitumor moieties; 2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoline and 2-oxoindoline to obtain new hybrids with potential activity against VEGFR-2. The cytotoxic effects of the synthesised derivatives against Caco-2, HepG-2, and MDA-MB-231 cell lines were investigated. Compound 12a was found to be the most potent candidate against the investigated cell lines with IC₅₀ values of 2, 10, and 40 µM, respectively. Furthermore, the synthesised derivatives were tested in vitro for their VEGFR-2 inhibitory activity showing strong inhibition. Moreover, an in vitro viability study against Vero non-cancerous cell line was investigated and the results reflected a high safety profile of all tested compounds. Compound 12a was further investigated for its apoptotic behaviour by assessing the gene expression of four genes (Bcl2, Bcl-xl, TGF, and Survivin). Molecular dynamic simulations authenticated the high affinity, accurate binding, and perfect dynamics of compound 12a against VEGFR-2.