Survival of Animal Tissue Cells in Primary Culture in the Absence of Serum

The ability of cells from tissues of several species of animals to survive in primary culture without serum was tested. Of the species tested, cells from the kidneys of Macaca mulatta (rhesus) and Cercopithecus aethiops (vervet) monkeys and chicken embryo cells not only survived under these conditions, but indeed developed into confluent monolayer cultures. The addition of either serum or its globulin or albumin fraction enhanced the development of cell monolayers and permitted those cells unable to survive in the absence of serum to do so. Certain specific protein trypsin-inhibitors not of serum origin were unable to provide conditions necessary for cell survival or growth when used in place of serum proteins.     

Factors Affecting the Growth of Pseudomonas fluorescens in Liquid Egg White

Pseudomonas fluorescens grew rapidly in fresh egg albumen diluted with water. Growth of the bacteria in egg albumen was stimulated by the addition of carbohydrate and ovomucoid-rich egg exudate. Polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis for residual egg albumen revealed extensive proteolysis of albumen inoculated with the organism. A fluorescent compound with absorption maximum at 408 nm was isolated from a defined salt medium inoculated with P. fluorescens. It shortened the lag phase and increased the final cell yield of the organism when added to the salt medium (100 mug/ml).     

Acid phosphatase in plant tissues I. Changes in activity and multiple forms in tea leaves and tomato fruit during maturation and senescence

Multiple forms of acid phosphatase varied in tea leaves (Camelliasinensis L.) depending on variety and the age of the leaves.Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis indicated the presence ofsix multiple forms in extracts of young leaves and seven inextracts of mature leaves of the variety Hatzumomizi. VarietyBenihomare showed five bands in zymograms of young-leaf extractsand six in zymograms of mature-leaf extracts. In addition tothe appearance of the new band, the relative intensity of stainingin two other bands changed during maturation. One decreasedand one increased in intensity. The components were partiallyseparated by CM-cellulose chromatography and isoelectric focusing.Total activity of acid phosphatase did not change greatly ona fresh-weight basis during maturation and aging. Extracts of immature green tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.)fruit showed six bands on polyacrylamide gels. Isoelectric focusingand subsequent electrophoresis of the fractions obtained atdifferent pH values, produced evidence for seven acid phosphatasecomponents in tomato extracts. Unlike the situation with certainother climacteric fruit, acid phosphatase in tomato extractsdecreased steadily during ripening to a level of activity only25–40% that of immature green fruit extracts. It is thereforeconcluded that the onset of senescence in climacteric fruitsis not dependent on an increase in acid phosphatase. Substratespecificity, response to inhibitors, Km, and pH optima of partiallypurified fractions were similar to those of tea-leaf extracts. (Received November 29, 1972; )     

The ship fouling algaEctocarpus

Summary Ultrastructural studies of the asexual plurilocular reproductive stages of the brown algaEctocarpus have been made. The zoospores released from the plurilocular sporangia were found to attach to surfaces by means of an adhesive whose site of formation has been shown to be the Golgi apparatus. A preliminary cytochemical investigation has shown that the adhesive contains polysaccharide. This forms the basis for a more precise chemical characterization of the adhesive material.     

TYROSINASE AND PLANT RESPIRATION

The evidence presented in this paper supports the conclusion that at least 85 per cent of the oxygen uptake of the respiring tissue of potato tuber enters the chemistry of the cell by way of a tyrosinase-catalyzed oxidation. The qualitative aspects of this conclusion are in agreement with the claim made by Boswell and Whiting. However, the evidence offered by them in support of this conclusion is shown to be inadequate.