水稻小穗轴维管系统网络结构探讨

对籼型、粳型或其不育系与保持系代表品种小穗解剖观察表明：水稻小穗轴维管系统网络由中央维管束和各分枝维管束复合而成。来自小穗柄的１条大的中央主束和几条边围维管束经数次分枝、联结,不断产生新的分枝维管束进入相应的结构。一般颖片中维管束１－２条,第一稃片中１－３条,第二稃片中１－４条,第二朵退化小花残余结构中０－３条,顶生可孕小花的外稃中５条,内稃中３条,浆片中各２条,雄蕊中各１条,雌蕊中３条,主束与支     

Biosystematic Studies on Adenophora potaninii Korsh. Complex (Campanulaceae) Ⅳ. Allozyme Variation and Differentiation

Fifteen natural populations representing all the taxa in Adenophora potaninii complex were investigated using vertical slab polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Allozyme data for ten loci of seven enzymes demonstrate high levels of genetic variation within populations, with the values of P＝0.40～0.70, A＝1.5～2.5 and He＝O.102～0.291. At specific level, there existed the highest variation in A. wawreana (A= 2.10, P=0.63, He ＝0.237), followed by those of A. lobophylla (A＝1.85, P=0.60, He＝0.204) and A. potaninii (A＝1.83, P＝0.60, He ＝O.188). Based on Wright's F-statistics, the outcrossing rates( t ) were 0.86 ( A.wawreana ), O.74 ( A.potaninii ) and 0.63 ( A.lobophylla). The analysis on population genetic structure indicates that most variation resided within populations, which is consistent with the high rate of outcrossing rates in the complex. 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不同化学杂交剂(CHA)对小麦花药同工酶影响的研究

在小麦叶枕距±2cm时,喷施4种不同化学杂交剂（CHA）后,分别取小孢子处于不同发育阶段的花药,进行过氧化酶（POD）、淀粉酶（Amy）和酯酶（Est）等同工酶的分析。研究表明：在小孢子母细胞减数分裂期,处理2、3和4三种CHA对POD的A1、A2;B2、B4和B5,C1、C2和C3同工酶带的活性均有明显的抑制作用;处理5除去对A1和A2表现抑制外,对其他酶带的活性均有增强作用。在单枚早期,处理2和3的A、B和C区POD同工酶活性均明显低于对照;处理4和5上述各区POD同工酶活性却明显高于对照。在上述两个发育时期,处理2对Amy1区酶活性有增强作用,而处理3、4和5对该区酶活性却表现了专一性的抑制。各处理对Est同工酶A区和B区的酶活性主要表现为抑制。实验结果表明,不同的CHA均通过干扰花药的物质和能量代谢而导致雄性生理性不育。     

小麦耐盐突变体的分子生物学鉴定

利用Ｆ１花药培养、ＥＭＳ诱变和耐盐性反复筛选后已稳定９ 代的小麦耐盐突变体ＲＨ８７０６－ ４９、Ｈ８７０６－ ３４、Ｈ８７０６－ ４４、Ｈ８７０６－ ４８、Ｈ８７０６－ ５７ 及其亲本濮农３６６５、百农３０３９ 为材料,用生化标记（醇溶蛋白）及分子标记（ＲＡＰＤ）分析了各材料间的差异,发现突变体与亲本相比,不仅发生了蛋白质水平的变异,而且也在ＤＮＡ 水平上证明了突变的发生,从而为耐盐突变体的真实性提供了有力的证据,排除了盐适应的可能性; 经用２１８ 个引物对５ 个突变体之间的多态性进行ＲＡＰＤ分析,结果表明,它们之间的差异很小,其遗传背景相似,因而它们是一系列耐盐性不同的近似等位基因系     

红曲霉变异株A6产色素发酵条件研究

本文对红曲霉变异株Ａ６进行了产红曲色素发酵条件试验,发现在以６％饴糖为碳源,以０３％ＮａＮＯ３为氮源的培养基,初始ｐＨ４０～４５,接种量为１５％时产色素浓度最高。同时,考察了整个发酵过程中ｐＨ,残糖量与色素生成浓度的关系,认为发酵周期拟控制在８０～８５ｈｒ为宜。本试验还发现在发酵过程中补加适量饴糖有利于产红曲色素     

印度南瓜果皮和果肉颜色遗传分析及基因定位

以印度南瓜‘98-2-351’与‘06820-1’杂交构建F2群体,对亲本及各世代群体成熟果实果皮和果肉颜色进行调查、统计分析。结果表明:F2群体中果皮桔红色和灰色的分离比呈3∶1,说明果皮灰色是由单隐性基因控制;F2群体中果肉黄色和白色的分离比呈3∶1,说明果肉白色也是由单隐性基因控制。利用群体分离分析法结合隐性群体分析法,采用SSR分子标记,找到了2个与控制灰色果皮基因位点CmRc紧密连锁的SSR标记(PU078072和PU013839),其连锁遗传距离分别为5.9cM和14.5cM;同时找到了1个与控制白色果肉基因位点CmFc紧密连锁的SSR标记PU132712,其连锁遗传距离为6.7cM。本研究为进一步筛选与控制印度南瓜果皮和果肉颜色基因更加紧密连锁的分子标记及相关基因的精确定位奠定了基础。