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11.
SANTIAGO ORTIZ FLS ÍÑIGO PULGAR ISABEL IGLESIAS 《Botanical journal of the Linnean Society. Linnean Society of London》2001,136(3):339-344
A new species of the section Spartopsis Dumort. of the genus Cytisus Desf. (Fabaceae) is described. The new species, Cytisus insularis , is restricted to the western islands of Galicia (north-west Iberian Peninsula), where it principally colonizes cliffs. A possible recent hybrid origin for these populations is considered but rejected in view of the results of experimental tests of pollen viability and seed germination. Characters permitting discrimination from the most similar taxa are detailed, and possible relationships with the other species of the section are discussed. 相似文献
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JUAN J. SOLER JUAN M. PERALTA‐SÁNCHEZ MANUEL MARTÍNEZ‐BUENO MANUEL MARTÍN‐VIVALDI DAVID MARTÍN‐GÁLVEZ ANA ISABEL VELA VICTOR BRIONES TOMÁS PÉREZ‐CONTRERAS 《Biological journal of the Linnean Society. Linnean Society of London》2011,103(4):836-848
Factors related to bacterial environment of nests are of primary interest for understanding the causes of embryo infection and the evolution of antimicrobial defensive traits in birds. Nest visitors such as parasites could act as vectors for bacteria and/or affect the hygienic conditions of nests and hence influence the nest bacterial environment. In the present study, we explored some predictions of this hypothetical scenario in the great spotted cuckoo (Clamator glandarius)–magpie (Pica pica) system of brood parasitism. Great spotted cuckoos visit the nests of their magpie hosts and frequently damage some of the host eggs when laying eggs or on subsequent visits. Therefore, it represents a good system for testing the effect of nest visitors on the bacterial environment of nests. In accordance with this hypothesis, we found that the bacterial load of magpie eggshells was greater in parasitized nests, which may suggest that brood parasitism increases the probability of bacterial infection of magpie eggs. Moreover, comparisons of bacterial loads of cuckoo and magpie eggs revealed that: (1) cuckoo eggshells harboured lower bacterial densities than those of their magpie hosts in the same nests and (2) the prevalence of bacteria inside unhatched eggs was higher for magpies than for great spotted cuckoos. These interspecific differences were predicted because brood parasitic eggs (but not host eggs) always experience the bacterial environments of parasitized nests. Therefore, the results obtained in the present study suggest that parasitic eggs are better adapted to environments with a high risk of bacterial contamination than those of their magpie hosts. © 2011 The Linnean Society of London, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2011, 103 , 836–848. 相似文献
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Sponge proteins are more similar to those of Homo sapiens than to Caenorhabditis elegans 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
VERA GAMULIN ISABEL M. MULLER WERNER E.G. MULLER 《Biological journal of the Linnean Society. Linnean Society of London》2000,71(4):821-828
We compared 42 phylogenetically conserved proteins from four marine sponges [Porifera] with almost the complete set of Caenorhabditis elegans proteins and all known proteins from humans. The majority of the sponge proteins arc significantly more similar to human than to C. elegans orthologucs/homologues. This finding reflects the accelerated evolutionary rate in the C. elegans lineage, since sponges split off first from the common ancestor of all multicellular animals. Furthermore, three sponge/human proteins were not found in C. elegans: (2–5)A synthetase, DNA repair helicase and lens βγ-crystallin. Sponges arc the source of the most ancient proteins already present in the common ancestor of all multicellular organisms. Some of these proteins were lost later during the evolution of individual animal lineages. These 'found/lost' proteins may serve as molecular markers for an improved systematics of Metazoa. In addition, phylogenetically conserved sponge proteins can be very helpful for the evaluation of differences in evolutionary rates in different animal lineages. We therefore propose sponges as the reference animals in molecular evolutionary studies of Metazoa. 相似文献
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Direct evidence for biased gene diversity estimates from dominant random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) fingerprints 总被引:9,自引:2,他引:9
NATHALIE ISABEL JEAN BEAULIEU PHILIPPE THÉRIAULT & JEAN BOUSQUET 《Molecular ecology》1999,8(3):477-483
The relevance of using dominant random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) fingerprints for estimating population differentiation was investigated when typically small population sample sizes were used. Haploid sexual tissues were first used to determine genotypes at RAPD loci for 75 eastern white pines ( Pinus strobus L.) representing five populations. Dominant RAPD fingerprints were then inferred from genotypic data for each individual at each locus, and gene diversity estimates from both sources of data were compared. Genotypic information at RAPD loci indicated little or no differentiation among populations, similar to allozyme loci. However, estimates of population differentiation derived from dominant RAPD fingerprints according to various common methods of analysis were generally inflated, especially when all fragments were considered. Simulations showed that an increase in loci sampling and population sample sizes did not significantly alleviate the biases observed. 相似文献
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CAROLYNE BARDELEBEN MELISSA M. GRAY JEREMY AUSTIN ISABEL AMORIM DO ROSRIO 《Molecular ecology resources》2005,5(1):143-145
We isolated 12 polymorphic microsatellite markers for the large‐billed scrubwren Sericornis magnirostris from genomic libraries enriched for (AAGG)n and (AACC)n repetitive elements and characterized them in 11 individuals. The number of alleles ranged from four to 15 per locus with the observed heterozygosity ranging from 0.14 to 0.91. These markers will be useful to address questions concerning population genetic structure and models of speciation. 相似文献