Evaluation of laser-Doppler perfusion imaging for measurement of blood flow in cortical bone.

Most techniques currently available to measure blood flow in bone are time consuming and require destruction of the tissue, but laser-Doppler technology offers a less invasive method. This study assessed the utility of laser-Doppler perfusion imaging (LDI) to measure perfusion in cortical bone. Twelve mature New Zealand White rabbits were assigned to one of three groups: normal control, constriction (norepinephrine), or dilatation (nitroprusside). The left and right medial tibiae were consecutively scanned at red (634-nm) and near-infrared (810-nm) wavelengths to examine the repeatability of LDI output. The pharmacological intervention groups were injected with the respective drug, and LDI measurements at 810 nm were obtained concurrently with colored microsphere-determined flow in all of the groups. LDI effectively quantified blood flow in cortical bone and detected physiologically induced changes in perfusion. A significant positive correlation was found between microsphere-determined flow and LDI output (r = 0.6, P < 0.05). Repeatability of consecutive LDI measurements was within 5%. The effectiveness of LDI to measure perfusion in bone suggests this method has potential for investigating the role of blood flow in bone metabolism and remodeling.     

Analytik Atypischer Fettsäuren in biologischen Matrizes

By combined application of chemical pretreatments, capillary gas-chromatography and mass spectrometry it was possible to enlighten the structure of atypical fatty acids with hydroxy groups and cyclopropane rings under the use of only a few of reference substances. The direct alkaline saponification of the sample with liberation of fatty acids and following methylation with boron trifluoride/methanol or diazomethane was proved to be the best method regarding to precision and speed of the sample cleanup.     

Climatic forcing and larval dispersal capabilities shape the replenishment of fishes and their habitat‐forming biota on a tropical coral reef

Fluctuations in marine populations often relate to the supply of recruits by oceanic currents. Variation in these currents is typically driven by large‐scale changes in climate, in particular ENSO (El Nino Southern Oscillation). The dependence on large‐scale climatic changes may, however, be modified by early life history traits of marine taxa. Based on eight years of annual surveys, along 150 km of coastline, we examined how ENSO influenced abundance of juvenile fish, coral spat, and canopy‐forming macroalgae. We then investigated what traits make populations of some fish families more reliant on the ENSO relationship than others. Abundance of juvenile fish and coral recruits was generally positively correlated with the Southern Oscillation Index (SOI), higher densities recorded during La Niña years, when the ENSO‐influenced Leeuwin Current is stronger and sea surface temperature higher. The relationship is typically positive and stronger among fish families with shorter pelagic larval durations and stronger swimming abilities. The relationship is also stronger at sites on the coral back reef, although the strongest of all relationships were among the lethrinids (r = .9), siganids (r = .9), and mullids (r = .8), which recruit to macroalgal meadows in the lagoon. ENSO effects on habitat seem to moderate SOI–juvenile abundance relationship. Macroalgal canopies are higher during La Niña years, providing more favorable habitat for juvenile fish and strengthening the SOI effect on juvenile abundance. Conversely, loss of coral following a La Niña‐related heat wave may have compromised postsettlement survival of coral dependent species, weakening the influence of SOI on their abundance. This assessment of ENSO effects on tropical fish and habitat‐forming biota and how it is mediated by functional ecology improves our ability to predict and manage changes in the replenishment of marine populations.     

Use of monoclonal antibodies for purifying the regulatory subunit of cAMP-dependent protein kinase

Monoclonal antibodies against regulatory subunit of cAMP-dependent protein kinase, type II, were obtained from pig brain (R II). The immune-affinity sorbent has been synthesized on the basis of monoclonal antibodies against R II. The method was proposed for the purification of homogeneous R II with high cAMP-binding activity using immune-affinity sorbent.     

Estimating Population Size and Density Using Line Transect Sampling

ANDERSON and POSPAHALA (1970) investigated the estimation of wildlife population size using the belt or line transect sampling method and devised a correction for bias, thus leading to a class of estimators with desirable characteristics. This work was given a basic and rigorous mathematica framework by BURNHAM and ANDERSON (1976). In the present article we use this mathematical framework to develop an estimator of population size and density using weighted least squares. The approach is a two-stage Method.