Frameshift Suppression in SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE VI. Complete Genetic Map of Twenty-Five Suppressor Genes

Five previously unmapped frameshift suppressor genes have been located on the yeast genetic map. In addition, we have further characterized the map positions of two suppressors whose approximate locations were determined in an earlier study. These results represent the completion of genetic mapping studies on all 25 of the known frameshift suppressor genes in yeast.—The approximate location of each suppressor gene was initially determined through the use of a set of mapping strains containing 61 signal markers distributed throughout the yeast genome. Standard meiotic linkage was assayed in crosses between strains carrying the suppressors and the mapping strains. Subsequent to these approximate linkage determinations, each suppressor gene was more precisely located in multi-point crosses. The implications of these mapping results for the genomic distribution of frameshift suppressor genes, which include both glycine and proline tRNA genes, are discussed.     

NO(2) Sensor which uses immobilized nitrite oxidizing bacteria

A biosensor consisting of immobilized nitrite oxidizing bacteria and an oxygen electrode has been developed for the amperometric determination of NO(2) (nitrogen dioxide) gas. The response time for the determination of NO(2) was within 3 min. A linear relationship was observed between the current decrease and the NO(2) concentration below 255 ppm. The minimum concentration for the determination of NO(2) was 0.51 ppm. The current decrease was reproducible within +/-4% of the relative error. The selectivity of the microbial sensor for NO(2) was satisfactory. The current output of the sensor was almost constant for more than 24 days and 400 assays.     

Water Relations, Diurnal Acidity Changes, and Productivity of a Cultivated Cactus, Opuntia ficus-indica

Physiological responses of the Crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) plant Opuntia ficus-indica (Cactaceae) were studied on a commercial plantation in central Chile. Young cladodes (flattened stems) and flower buds exhibited daytime stomatal opening, whereas mature cladodes and fruit exhibited the nocturnal stomatal opening characteristic of CAM plants. Severe water stress suppressed the nocturnal stomatal opening by mature cladodes, but their high water vapor conductance occurring near dawn was not affected. Nocturnal acidity increases were not as sensitive to water stress as was the nocturnal stomatal opening. The magnitude of the nocturnal acidity increases depended on the total daily photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), being 90% PAR-saturated at 27 moles per square meter per day for a mean nighttime air temperature of 5°C and at 20 moles per square meter per day for 18°C. Inasmuch as the PAR received on unshaded vertical surfaces averaged about 21 moles per square meter per day, nocturnal acidity increases by the cladodes were on the verge of being PAR-limited in the field. The net assimilation rate, which was positive throughout the year, annually averaged 3.4 grams per square meter per day for 1.0- and 2.0-year-old plants. Plants that were 5.4 years old had 7.2 square meters of cladode surface area (both sides) and an annual dry weight productivity of 13 megagrams (metric tons) per hectare per year when their ground cover was 32%. This substantial productivity for a CAM plant was accompanied by the highest nocturnal acidity increase so far observed in the field, 0.78 mole H⁺ per square meter.     

Protein synthesis of the sponge Geodia cydonium: characterization of the system

The ribosomal population of the sponge Geodia cydonium has been examined. The monosomes have a sedimentation constant of 80 S, the sizes of the subunits are approximately 60 S and 45 S respectively. The polyribosomes contain up to 40 ribosomal units. Cell free protein synthesizing systems (cell homogenate as well as reconstituted system) have been prepared and characterized with respect to Mg²⁺, KCI and ATP concentrations, temperature, pH and time course of the reaction. In the cell-free system and in the cellular system the protein biosynthesis is inhibited by chloramphenicol. It is not affected by cycloheximide.     

Transfer RNA methylating activity of yeast mitochondria

Mitochondria isolated from Saccharomyces cerevisiae and purified in Urografin or sucrose gradient contain tRNA methylating activity with specificities different from those of the cytoplasm. The main reaction product, using E.coli tRNA as methyl group acceptor, is N²,-N²-dimethylguanine. The corresponding mitochondrial methylase is coded by nuclear DNA. A DNA methylating activity is also associated with yeast mitochondria.     

Studies on Flowering Responses of Urena lobata

Urena lobata L. is a qualitative short-day plant with a critical dark period of about 12 hr. A minimum of 12 short days are required for floral initiation. Gibberellic acid (GA₃) sprayed onto the leaves promoted flowering. The growth retardant, (2-chloroethyl)-trimethylammonium chloride (CCC) markedly inhibited flowering and stem elongation. This inhibition was reversed by subsequent application of GA₃.     

乙拌磷拌种防治棉蚜虫的效果

乙拌磷(Disyston)是具有内吸作用的有机磷杀虫剂,拌种后防治棉蚜的毒力持续时间较久。1961-1962年我场进行了小区试验及大面积示范,获得了较显著的结果。 一、处理方法 供试样品是拜耳厂出品的50％活性炭粉。1961