抗禽流感病毒多表位DNA疫苗的构建及其免疫效力研究

多表位DNA疫苗是建立在常规DNA疫苗基础上的一种新型疫苗。它是用表位作免疫原,这样就比较容易在一个表达载体上克隆病原体的多个抗原基因中具有免疫活性的部分。本试验以H5N1亚型禽流感病毒的HA和NP基因及其表位为基础构建了4个重组质粒：1 pIRES/HA（表达全长的HA基因）;2 pIRES/tHA（只表达HA基因的主要抗原表位区）;3 pIRES/tHANpep（融合表达HA基因的抗原表位区和NP基因的3个CTL表位）;4 pIRES/tHANpep-IFN-γ（用鸡的IFN-γ基因取代质粒pIRES/tHANpep中的neo基因）。分别用这4个重组质粒和空载体质粒pIRES1neo肌注免疫30日龄SPF鸡。免疫3次,间隔为2周,每次每只鸡的剂量为200μg。第3次免疫后两周以高致病性禽流感病毒H5N1强毒攻击,免疫及攻毒前后均采血检测HI抗体效价和外周血CD4⁺、CD8⁺T细胞的变化。结果发现,攻毒前各质粒免疫组均检测不到HI抗体,攻毒后1周存活鸡HI抗体效价迅速升高到64～256。流式细胞仪检测显示外周血CD4⁺、CD8⁺T细胞在疫苗免疫后都有不同程度的升高。空载体质粒对照组鸡（10只）在攻毒后3～8 d内全部死亡,其他各重组质粒免疫组鸡都获得了部分保护,保护率分别是：pIRES/HA组为545%（6/11）,pIRES/tHA组为30%（3/10）,pIRES/tHANPep组为36.3%（4/11）, pIRES/tHANPepIFNγ组为50%（5/10）。这些结果表明我们构建的多表位DNA疫苗能够诱导机体产生特异性免疫应答,并在同型禽流感强毒攻击时对鸡只提供了一定的保护。     

The discovery of anthranilic acid-based MMP inhibitors. Part 3: incorporation of basic amines.

Anthranilic acid derivatives bearing basic amines were prepared and evaluated in vitro and in vivo as inhibitors of MMP-1, MMP-9, MMP-13, and TACE. Piperazine 4u has been identified as a potent, selective, orally active inhibitor of MMP-9 and MMP-13.     

Technical note phytoremediation of triazophos by Canna indica Linn. in a hydroponic system

The phytoremediation of triazophos (O, O-diethyl-O-(1-phenyl-1, 2, 4-triazole-3-base) sulfur phosphate, TAP) by Canna indica Linn. in a hydroponic system was studied. After 21 d of exposure, the removal kinetic constant (K) of TAP was 0.0229-0.0339 d(-1) and the removal percentage of TAP was 41-55% in the plant system and the K and removal percentage of TAP were about 0.002 d(-1) and 1%, respectively, in darkness and disinfected control. However, the K and removal percentage of TAP were 0.006 d(-1) and approximately 11%, respectively, in the treatment with eluate from the media of constructed wetland. The contribution of plant to the remediation of TAP was 74% and C. indica played the most important role in the hydroponic system. Under the stress of TAP and without inorganic phosphorus nutrient, the activity of phosphatase in the plant system increased and phytodegradation was observed. The production and release of phosphatase is seen as the key mechanism for C. indica to degrade TAP. C. indica, which showed the potential of phytoremediation of TAP, and is commonly used in constructed wetland, so the technique of phytoremediation of TAP from contaminated water can be developed with the combination of constructed wetland.     

高产申嗪霉素和吩嗪-1-酰胺的水稻根际铜绿假单胞菌PA1201分离、鉴定与应用潜力

【目的】从水稻根际筛选能高效抑制水稻病原菌的细菌,分析和鉴定其形态和生化特征,为开发新型绿色农药奠定基础。【方法】从水稻根际分离能以1-氨基环丙烷-1-羧酸(ACC)为唯一碳源的菌株,根据菌株形态和生化特性、16S r DNA序列比对和磷脂脂肪酸图谱,对该菌株进行鉴定。通过氯仿萃取抽提、高效液相色谱分析,确定菌株PA1201在PPM培养基和黄豆粉培养基中申嗪霉素和吩嗪-1-酰胺的产量。【结果】菌株PA1201能有效抑制水稻纹枯病菌和水稻白叶枯病菌的生长,属于铜绿假单胞菌(Pseudomonas aeruginosa sp.PA1201);PA1201产生两种抑菌代谢产物申嗪霉素和吩嗪-1-酰胺,在PPM和黄豆粉培养基中申嗪霉素的产量可达81.7 mg/L和926.9 mg/L,吩嗪-1-酰胺的产量亦可达18.1 mg/L和489.5 mg/L;PA1201产生大量胞外蛋白酶,对人肺腺癌细胞系A549和黑腹果蝇具有一定毒性。【结论】PA1201的申嗪霉素产量比现有生产菌株的出发菌株M18高3-4倍,还能产生另一种抑菌活性更高的衍生物吩嗪-1-酰胺,具有进一步开发的潜力。     

Knockdown of a laccase in Populus deltoides confers altered cell wall chemistry and increased sugar release

Plant laccases are thought to function in the oxidation of monolignols which leads to higher order lignin formation. Only a hand‐full of laccases in plants have been functionally evaluated, and as such little is known about the breadth of their impact on cell wall chemistry or structure. Here, we describe a previously uncharacterized laccase from Populus, encoded by locus Potri.008G064000, whose reduced expression resulted in transgenic Populus trees with changes in syringyl/guaiacyl ratios as well as altered sugar release phenotypes. These phenotypes are consistent with plant biomass exhibiting reduced recalcitrance. Interestingly, the transgene effect on recalcitrance is dependent on a mild pretreatment prior to chemical extraction of sugars. Metabolite profiling suggests the transgene modulates phenolics that are associated with the cell wall structure. We propose that this particular laccase has a range of functions related to oxidation of phenolics and conjugation of flavonoids that interact with lignin in the cell wall.     

汉坦病毒空气传播感染的实验室和野外采样研究

本项研究是通过动物实验和现场采样研究汉坦病毒气溶胶传播感染。用感染的黑线姬鼠排泄物自然形成的病毒气溶胶进行实验。黑红姬鼠感染后第5天放入离乳小鼠和乳小鼠,暴露10d,检测不到抗体,感染后第7天,放 乳小鼠和乳小鼠,暴露10d,可以检测出抗体;黑线姬鼠在暴露15d时,可以检测出抗体,可见黑线姬鼠感染后,第4天可能是它向体外排毒的一个时间标志,且形成的病毒气溶胶具有感染性。对现场采集的空气样品和收集的打谷者佩戴的口罩样品的研究发现,在稻田堆放的稻捆根部和鼠栖息的草窝的空气中每350L空气中和打谷场脱粒机附近每96L空气中,含有至少一个具有生物活性的汉坦病毒粒子,结合流行病学调查结果,可以判定,汉坦病毒经空气传播吸入感染可能是秋冬季节肾综合征出血热发病的主要传播途径。     

贵州黔西县少数民族ABO血型分布及基因频率调查

对贵州黔西县1260例6个少数民族人群红细胞ABO表现型进行了检测;结果如下:贵州黔西县布依族、满族、苗族、白族这四个民族的ABO血型基因频率很相近,彝族和仡佬族与这4个民族的差别较大,布依族,苗族,满族,白族ABO血型分布为O>B>A>AB,彝族为O>A>B>AB,仡佬族为A>O>B>AB;经Hardy Weinberg吻合度检测可以证明贵州黔西县的ABO血型表现型分布状况及基因频率相对稳定,其分布符合hardy Weinberg平衡,获得了该地ABO血型系统群体遗传学数据,为群体遗传学的研究提供了一定的资料。     

Acetone-soluble cellulose acetates prepared by one-step homogeneous acetylation of cornhusk cellulose in an ionic liquid 1-allyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (AmimCl)

Cellulose samples extracted from cornhusk have been successfully acetylated in an ionic liquid 1-allyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (AmimCl). Without using any catalyst, cornhusk cellulose acetates (CCAs) with the degree of substitution (DS) in a range from 2.16 to 2.63 were prepared in one-step. Under the homogeneous state, the DS value of CCAs was easily controlled by the acetylation time. The obtained CCAs were characterized by means of FT-IR, ¹³C NMR, DSC, TGA, and a mechanical test. The NMR results showed that the distribution of the acetyl moiety among the three OH groups of the anhydroglucose unit shows a preference at the C₆ position. The CCAs exhibited good solubility in some organic solvents, such as acetone and DMSO. The cast CCA films from their acetone solutions had good mechanical properties. At the end of each acetylation of cornhusk cellulose, the ionic liquid AmimCl could be effectively recovered. Therefore, this study presents a promising approach and “green process” to make use of crop by-products.