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111.
Inhibition of nitric oxide synthesis increases mortality in Sindbis virus encephalitis. 总被引:9,自引:5,他引:4 下载免费PDF全文
Sindbis virus (SV) is an alphavirus that causes acute encephalomyelitis in mice. The outcome is determined by the strain of virus and by the age and genetic background of the host. The mortality rates after infection with NSV, a neurovirulent strain of SV, were as follows v: 81% (17 of 21) in BALB/cJ mice; 20% (4 of 20) in BALB/cByJ mice (P < 0.001); 100% in A/J, C57BL/6J, SJL, and DBA mice; and 79% (11 of 14) in immunodeficient scid/CB17 mice. Treatment with Nomega-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), a nitric oxide synthetase (NOS) inhibitor, increased mortality to 100% (P < 0.05) in NSV-infected BALB/cJ mice, to 95% (P < 0.001) in BALB/cByJ mice, and to 100% in scid/CB17 mice. BALB/cJ and BALB/cByJ mice had similar levels of inducible NOS mRNA in their brains, which were not affected by L-NAME or NSV infection. Brain NOS activity was similar in BALB/cJ and BALB/cByJ mice before and after infection and was markedly inhibited by L-NAME. NSV replication in the brains of BALB/cJ mice, BALB/cByJ mice, and mice treated with L-NAME was similar. Treatment of N18 neuroblastoma cells with NO donors S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine or sodium nitroprusside in vitro before infection increased cell viability at 42 to 48 h compared with untreated NSV-infected N18 cells with little effect on virus replication. These data suggest that NO protects mice from fatal encephalitis by a mechanism that does not directly involve the immune response or inhibition of virus growth but rather may enhance survival of the infected neuron until the immune response can control virus replication. 相似文献
112.
A Bacillus subtilis gene for malate dehydrogenase (citH) was found downstream of genes for citrate synthase and isocitrate dehydrogenase. Disruption of citH caused partial auxotrophy for aspartate and a requirement for aspartate during sporulation. In the absence of aspartate, citH mutant cells were blocked at a late stage of spore formation. 相似文献
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115.
Dong-Uk Kim Seung-Kiel Park Kyung-Sook Chung Myung-Un Choi Hyang-Sook Yoo 《Molecular & general genetics : MGG》1996,252(1-2):20-32
ASchizosaccharomyces pombe homolog of mammalian genes encoding G protein subunits,gpb1
+, was cloned by the polymerase chain reaction using primer pairs that correspond to sequences conserved in several G genes of other species followed by screening of genomic and cDNA libraries. Thegpb1 gene encodes 317 amino acids that show 47% homology with human G
1 and G
2 and 40% homology withSaccharomyces cerevisiae G protein. Disruption of thegpb1 gene indicated that this gene is not required for vegetative cell growth. However,gpb1-disrupted haploid cells mated and sporulated faster than wild-type cells, both in sporulation (MEA) and in complex medium (YE): when examined 23 h after transfer to sporulation medium, 35% ofgpb1-disrupted haploid pairs had undergone conjugation and sporulation, whereas only 3–5% of wild-type haploid pairs had done so. Overexpression of thegpb1 gene suppressed this facilitated conjugation and sporulation phenotype ofgpb1-disrupted cells but did not cause any obvious effect in wild-type cells. Co-disruption of one of the twoS. pombe G-subunit genes,gpa2, in thegpb1-disrupted cells did not change the accelerated conjugation and sporulation phenotype of thegpb1
– cells. However, co-disruption of theras1 gene abolished thegpb1
– phenotype. These results suggest that Gpbl is a negative regulator of conjugation and sporulation that apparently works upstream of Ras1 function inS. pombe. The possible relationship of Gpbl to two previously identified, putative G proteins ofS. pombe is discussed.A preliminary report of this work first appeared in an abstract of the Genetic Society of America, 1993 Yeast Genetics and Molecular Biology Meeting, p. 92 and was presented at the American Association of Cancer special meeting on Cell Signalling and Cancer Treatment, 1993 相似文献
116.
Toshihiko Fujita Daiji Kitagawa Yusaku Okuyama Yasutoshi Jin Yoshio Ishito Tadashi Inada 《Environmental Biology of Fishes》1996,46(4):351-364
Synopsis Fish assemblages at an artificial reef site, a natural reef site and a sandy-mud bottom site, on the shelf (depth 130 m) off Iwate Prefecture, northern Japan, were surveyed by using a bottom trammel net from May 1987 to March 1993. A total of 12 173 fishes of 48 species were recorded. Physiculus maximowiczi was dominant and comprised 69% of the total numerical abundance. Total fish number was lowest in March at all the 3 sites when P. maximowiczi migrated to deeper and warmer waters. Assemblage equitability and species diversity also varied seasonally in accordance with the abundance fluctuation of P. maximowiczi. P. maximowiczi, Alcichthys alcicornis and Hexagrammos otakii were more abundant at the artificial reef and natural reef sites, while Dexistes rikuzenius and Hemitripterus villosus were more abundant at the sandy-mud bottom site; total fish abundance was largest at the artificial reef site mainly due to the large number of P. maximowiczi. Species richness was similar among sites, but equitability, and consequently species diversity, was lowest at the artificial reef site. The main effect of the artificial reef seemed the attraction of P. maximowiczi from nearby bottoms, especially from natural rocky reefs; its large abundance determined the structure of the artificial reef fish community. 相似文献
117.
J.Y. Roh H.W. Park B.R. Jin H.S. Kim Y.M. Yu S.K. Kang 《Letters in applied microbiology》1996,23(4):249-252
J.Y. ROH, H.W. PARK, B.R. JIN, H.S. KIM, Y.M. YU AND S.K. KANG. 1996. Four Bacillus thuringiensis isolates from soil samples produced parasporal inclusions which were non-toxic to insects. The isolates were named B. thuringiensis NTB-1, NTB-2, NTB-3 and NTB-4. The parasporal inclusions were shown to be ovoid by phase contrast and scanning electron microscopy. The serotypes of the four isolates were determined by agglutination using 33 antisera; NTB-1 and NTB-4 seemed to be subsp. isruelensis ,and NTB-2 seemed to be subsp. pondzcheriensis . NTB-3 did not react with the 33 antisera. However, comparison of parasporal protein and plasmid DNA patterns of the four isolates with those of 15 known non-toxic B. thuringiensis strains demonstrated that the four isolates are novel. 相似文献
118.
Acetylation dramatically effects both the solution properties and the metal induced precipitation of alginates. The presence of acetyl groups on both bacterial and seaweed alginate polymers marginally increased the weight average molecular weight (Mw) of each polymer by 7% and 11%, respectively. Acetylated bacterial alginate showed a significant increase in solution viscosity compared to its deacetylated counterpart. However microbial acetylation of seaweed alginate did not change its solution viscosity. Acetylation altered the calcium induced precipitation of both alginates. The presence of acetyl groups decreased the ability of each polymer to bind with calcium but increased their ability to bind with ferric Ion (Fe3+). By controlling the degree of acetylation on the alginate chains, it was possible to modify solution viscosity and cation induced precipitation of these polymers. 相似文献
119.
Xianzhen Li Yunzhan Huang Degui Xu Dongping Xiao Fengxie Jin Peiji Gao 《Biotechnology letters》1996,18(2):205-210
Summary The cellobiose oxidizing enzyme of the newly isolated cellulolytic bacterium Cytophaga sp. LX-7 was produced extracellularly when grown on cellulose or other saccharides, which was previously noted only in fungi. The enzyme could use not only cellobiose, maltose, glucose and other saccharides but also cellulose as substrates, and use dichlorophenol indophenol and oxygen as electron acceptors. 相似文献
120.
Summary A heterologous gene from bloodsucking leech for anticoagulant, hirudin, has been expressed in the methylotrophic yeast Hansenula polymorpha. The addition of 1%(v/v) soybean oil to the medium as a stabilizer enhanced the expression of the hirudin gene in H. polymorpha with MOX promoter. The production of hirudin in the medium with soybean oil was 320mg/L in a 5L fermenter. 相似文献