保护三峡工程影响的珍稀濒危生物的经济价值评估

运用条件价值评估法, 基于三峡工程对珍稀濒危生物影响的现状和采取的保护措施, 设计了支付卡式调查问卷。通过调查我国31个省(自治区、直辖市)以国有单位为主的职工的支付意愿, 评估了保护三峡工程影响的珍稀濒危生物白鳍豚(Lipotes vexillifer)、白鲟(Psephurus gladius)、达氏鲟(Acipenser dabryanus)、胭脂鱼(Myxocyprinus asiaticus)、中华鲟(Acipenser sinensis)和荷叶铁线蕨(Adiantum reniforme var. sinense)、疏花水柏枝(Myricaria laxiflora)、川明参(Chuanminshen violaceum)的经济价值。回收有效问卷1,036份, 有70.08%的有效问卷反馈者愿意为保护三峡工程影响的这些珍稀濒危生物而支付费用, 平均支付意愿值为127.82元/年。同时采用列联表及卡方独立性检验方法重点分析了总样本各因素对支付意愿值的影响, 结果显示年龄、文化程度、从事职业、个人收入、对三峡工程的了解、对三峡工程的关注、对三峡工程对生物影响的了解等因素与支付意愿值显著相关。最后计算得出保护三峡工程影响的这些珍稀濒危生物的经济价值为82.19×10⁸元/年。以上结果为进一步制定相关保护政策提供了依据。     

Interaction process between ionic surfactant and protein probed by series piezoelectric quartz crystal technique

A method for probing the interaction process between ionic surfactant and protein was developed with series piezoelectric quartz crystal (SPQC) sensing technique. It was based on the sensitive response of the SPQC sensor to the change in solution conductivity. A new relationship between the sensor response and the properties of ionic species in solution was derived. The method was used to examine the interaction process of two surfactants, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), with lysozyme in aqueous solution. The obtained experimental results were in agreement with those of other methods from references. These results had been discussed. It was shown that the new method developed here was a useful and promising tool for probing the ionic surfactant-protein interaction process and might find more applications in similar studies.     

非线性映射和聚类分析在中风病证候分类中的应用

本文用非线性映射和聚类分析方法,给出了中风病的四个类型,为中风病的证候分类提供了分析方法和信息．     

瘤胃降解粗纤维产甲烷的厌氧真菌与甲烷菌共培养物的分离鉴定

【目的】本试验从瘤胃中分离鉴定降解粗纤维产甲烷的厌氧真菌与甲烷菌共培养物,为深入探究甲烷菌对厌氧真菌代谢途径的影响及相关调节机制奠定基础。【方法】利用厌氧滚管技术从荷斯坦奶牛瘤胃内容物中分离厌氧真菌与甲烷菌共培养物,通过形态学观察和DAPI染色以及甲烷菌16S rRNA基因序列分析方法分别对厌氧真菌及甲烷菌进行鉴定。【结果】从荷斯坦奶牛瘤胃中共分离到28株厌氧真菌与甲烷菌共培养物。共培养物中的厌氧真菌均为单中心菌株,分别属于Piromyces,Neocallimastix和Caeomyces属,所占百分比为53.57%,42.86%及3.57%。甲烷菌16S rRNA基因序列分析结果表明,共培养物中的甲烷菌均为甲烷短杆菌。本研究共获得四种不同的厌氧真菌与甲烷菌组合,分别为Piromyces/类Methanobrevibacter olleyae菌株,Neocallimastix/类Methanobrevibacter olleyae菌株,Neocallimastix/类Methanobrevibacter thaueri菌株及Caecomyces/类Methanobrevibacter olleyae菌株,分别占总数的53.57%,39.29%,3.57%及3.57%。【结论】分离得到的28株厌氧真菌和甲烷菌共培养物中,占优势的为具有丰富丝状假根的厌氧真菌Piromyces和Neocallimastix以及类Methanobrevibacter olleyae属的甲烷短杆菌。本研究为进一步研究瘤胃内厌氧真菌与甲烷菌相互代谢关系奠定基础。     

Notch3 is necessary for neuronal differentiation and maturation in the adult spinal cord

Notch receptors are key regulators of nervous system development and promoters of neural stem cells renewal and proliferation. Defects in the expression of Notch genes result in severe, often lethal developmental abnormalities. Notch3 is generally thought to have a similar proliferative, anti‐differentiation and gliogenic role to Notch1. However, in some cases, Notch3 has an opposite, pro‐differentiation effect. Here, we show that Notch3 segregates from Notch1 and is transiently expressed in adult rat and mouse spinal cord neuron precursors and immature neurons. This suggests that during the differentiation of adult neural progenitor cells, Notch signalling may follow a modified version of the classical lateral inhibition model, involving the segregation of individual Notch receptors. Notch3 knockout mice, otherwise neurologically normal, are characterized by a reduced number of mature inhibitory interneurons and an increased number of highly excitable immature neurons in spinal cord laminae I–II. As a result, these mice have permanently lower nociceptive thresholds, similar to chronic pain. These results suggest that defective neuronal differentiation, for example as a result of reduced Notch3 expression or activation, may underlie human cases of intractable chronic pain, such as fibromyalgia and neuropathic pain.     

九龙江河口浮游动物的群落结构和时空变动

2009年春(5月)、夏(8月)、秋(11月)在九龙江河口进行浮游动物采样调查,分析了九龙江河口浮游动物的种类组成、群落结构、丰度和生物量的时空变化。调查共发现浮游动物119种,其中,含桡足类(35种)和水母类(31种)是最主要的类群。主要优势种有火腿许水蚤(Schmackeria poplesia)、中华假磷虾(Pseudeuphausia sinica)、弗洲指突水母(Blackfordia virginica)、短尾类蚤状幼虫 (Zoea larvae)和长尾类幼虫 (Macrura larva)。其中,春季以火腿许水蚤、弗洲指突水母、中华假磷虾以主;夏季则以短尾类蚤状幼虫和长尾类幼虫为主;秋季则以火腿许水蚤和中华异水蚤(Acaritella sinensis)为主,季节变化明显。浮游动物丰度和生物量春季最高,平均值分别为3 377.8 ind/m³和3 209.4 mg/m³,秋季最低,但空间分布不均,从春季到秋季其密集中心从近海区逐渐转移到邻近河口区。与过去同期的调查资料相比,20年来九龙江河口浮游动物总丰度、优势种的组成和排序发生了显著的变化。本次浮游动物的总丰度平均值(以秋季为例)为历次调查最低,主要优势种也明显不同, 推测,浮游动物有朝着小型化发展的趋势。     

Synthesis,in vitro stability,and antiproliferative effect of d‐cysteine modified GnRH‐doxorubicin conjugates

Overexpression of gonadotropin‐releasing hormone (GnRH) receptor in many tumors but not in normal tissues makes it possible to use GnRH analogs as targeting peptides for selective delivery of cytotoxic agents, which may help to enhance the uptake of anticancer drugs by cancer cells and reduce toxicity to normal cells. The GnRH analogs [d ‐Cys⁶, desGly¹⁰, Pro⁹‐NH₂]‐GnRH, [d ‐Cys⁶, desGly¹⁰, Pro⁹‐NHEt]‐GnRH, and [d ‐Cys⁶, α‐aza‐Gly¹⁰‐NH₂]‐GnRH were conjugated with doxorubicin (Dox), respectively, through N‐succinimidyl‐3‐maleimidopropionate as a linker to afford three new GnRH‐Dox conjugates. The metabolic stability of these conjugates in human serum was determined by RP‐HPLC. The antiproliferative activity of the conjugates was examined in GnRH receptor‐positive MCF‐7 human breast cancer cell line by MTT assay. The three GnRH‐Dox conjugates showed improved metabolic stability in human serum in comparison with AN‐152. The antiproliferative effect of conjugate II ([d ‐Cys⁶, desGly¹⁰, Pro⁹‐NHEt]‐GnRH‐Dox) on MCF‐7 cells was higher than that of conjugate I ([d ‐Cys⁶, desGly¹⁰, Pro⁹‐NH₂]‐GnRH‐Dox) and conjugate III ([d ‐Cys⁶, α‐aza‐Gly¹⁰‐NH₂]‐GnRH‐Dox), and the cytotoxicity of conjugate II against GnRH receptor‐negative 3T3 mouse embryo fibroblast cells was decreased in comparison with free Dox. GnRH receptor inhibition test suggested that the antiproliferative activity of conjugate II might be due to the cellular uptake mediated by the targeting binding of [d ‐Cys⁶‐des‐Gly¹⁰‐Pro⁹‐NHEt]‐GnRH to GnRH receptors. Our study indicates that targeting delivery of conjugate II mediated by [d ‐Cys⁶‐des‐Gly¹⁰‐Pro⁹‐NHEt]‐GnRH is a promising strategy for chemotherapy of tumors that overexpress GnRH receptors.