海洋生态资本理论框架下的生态系统服务评估

海洋生态资本指能够直接或间接作用于人类社会经济生产、提供有用的产品流或服务流的海洋生态资源。海洋生态资本价值由海洋生态资源存量价值和海洋生态系统服务价值组成。海洋生态资本评估包括海洋生态资源存量评估和海洋生态系统服务评估。在海洋生态资本理论框架体系下,针对我国近海生态系统服务的开发与利用情况,建立了评估海洋生态系统服务的物质量和价值量的技术框架。基于物质量可量化、价值量可货币化、数据可获得性三条评估原则,筛选出9个指标定量评估海洋生态系统服务的物质量和价值量,并给出了对应的评估方法、计算公式、参数和数据来源。海洋供给服务采用养殖生产、捕捞生产和氧气生产3个指标评估;海洋供给服务采用气候调节、废弃物处理2个指标评估;海洋文化服务采用休闲娱乐、科研服务2个指标评估;海洋支持服务采用物种多样性维持、生态系统多样性维持2个指标评估。养殖生产、捕捞生产等指标采用市场价格法进行评估;氧气生产、废弃物处理、科研服务等指标采用替代成本法进行评估;气候调节指标采用替代市场价格法进行评估;休闲娱乐指标采用旅行费用法或收入替代法进行评估;物种多样性维持、生态系统多样性维持等指标采用条件价值法进行评估。该套方法体系已经应用于山东省7个沿海地级市和福建省东山湾、罗源湾的近海生态系统服务价值评估,已经得到学术界和海洋管理部门的认可,被国家标准《海洋生态资本评估技术导则》吸收采用。该套方法紧密切合国家生态文明建设需求,可为海洋主管部门的生态资本核算、生态补偿业务、环评审批提供关键技术手段,也为海洋生态系统服务的精确评估提供了科学基础。     

The spike protein of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is cleaved in virus infected Vero-E6 cells

Spike protein is one of the major structural proteins of severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus. It is essential for the interaction of the virons with host cell receptors and subsequent fusion of the viral envelop with host cell membrane to allow infection. Some spike proteins of coronavirus, such as MHV, HCoV-OC43, AIBV and BcoV, are proteolytically cleaved into two subunits, S 1 and S2. In contrast, TGV, FIPV and HCoV-229E are not. Many studies have shown that the cleavage of spike protein seriously affects its function. In order to investigate the maturation and proteolytic processing of the S protein of SARS CoV, we generated S 1 and S2 subunit specific antibodies (Abs) as well as N, E and 3CL protein-specific Abs. Our results showed that the antibodies could efficiently and specifically bind to their corresponding proteins from E.coli expressed or lysate of SARS-CoV infected Vero-E6 cells by Western blot analysis. Furthermore, the anti-S 1 and S2 Abs were proved to be capable of binding to SARS CoV under electron microscope observation. When S2 Ab was used to perform immune precipitation with lysate of SARS-CoV infected cells, a cleaved S2 fragment was detected with S2-specific mAb by Western blot analysis. The data demonstrated that the cleavage of S protein was observed in the lysate, indicating that proteolytic processing of S protein is present in host cells.     

贵州花溪大学城破碎化林地中鸟类群落的小岛屿效应

小岛屿效应打破了传统的种-面积关系认知,是当前岛屿生物地理学与生境破碎化领域的研究热点之一。然而,目前的研究缺乏以人类干扰度较高的城市破碎化生境为载体来探究小岛屿效应问题。本研究以贵州花溪大学城30个面积0.25 ~ 290.40 hm2的残存自然林地为研究区,在2017至2021年的鸟类繁殖季对林地中的鸟类进行调查。共记录到鸟类98种,隶属于11目41科。剔除高空飞行、非森林鸟类及偶然出现的物种后,不同斑块中的鸟类物种数介于12至49种之间,平均每个斑块24种。在R软件中利用“sars”包构建4种关键种-面积回归模型发现,先平后升的两段式回归模型是预测种-面积关系的最佳模型。该模型显示,在面积阈值1.16 hm2之上,物种丰富度随着面积的增加逐渐增多,符合传统岛屿生物地理学提出的面积效应;但是,在面积阈值1.16 hm2之下,物种丰富度不随面积发生显著变化,表现出小岛屿效应的特征。小岛屿效应的形成可能与喀斯特特殊地貌环境、食物资源或“中转站”、“垫脚石”等生态功能相关,其具体发生机制尚有待进一步研究。根据本研究结果,建议在城市规划建设时尽可能保护自然林地并设计绿色过渡带,在优先保护大林地斑块的同时不应忽视对具有重要生态价值的小林地斑块的保护。     

人Man2c1转基因小鼠外周血中性粒细胞和CD8+T细胞的调节

目的以转hMan2c1基因小鼠为模型,分析hMan2c1基因在转基因小鼠脾脏的蛋白表达和活性,研究hMan2c1基因对于机体免疫系统的影响。方法Western blot方法检测hMan2c1基因在脾脏的蛋白表达并检测小鼠脾脏α-甘露糖苷酶活性;血常规分析外周血中各种血细胞的比例;以BSA作为抗原观察机体的免疫应答;流式细胞技术观察外周血中CD4 、CD8 、B、NK细胞的数量。结果Western blot结果显示,与野生型小鼠比较,hMan2c1基因在转基因小鼠脾脏组织有明显的表达,α-甘露糖苷酶活性明显增高,中性粒细胞明显升高。BSA刺激后,转基因小鼠外周血免疫细胞中的CD8 T淋巴细胞明显高于野生型小鼠。结论hMan2c1基因在小鼠脾脏表达引起α-甘露糖苷酶活性显著升高,并进一步影响淋巴细胞的生成,增加中性粒细胞和CD8 T淋巴细胞对免疫原的应答。     

意大利蜜蜂对两种油菜花朵气味的偏爱性

【目的】明确意大利蜜蜂Apis mellifera ligustica（简称“意蜂”）对两种油菜（甘蓝型胜利油菜 Brassica napus cv. Shengli和芥菜型马尾油菜 B. juncea cv. Mawei）的气味偏爱性及选择行为特征。【方法】本研究开展大田访花偏爱性试验、室外群体气味偏爱性试验以及室内“Y”型嗅觉仪行为反应和学习记忆试验,测定意蜂蜂群及青年采集蜂对甘蓝型胜利油菜和芥菜型马尾油菜两种油菜花朵的选择次数,并通过采集蜂训练时及训练后的喙伸反应率分析两种油菜花朵气味对采集蜂学习记忆能力的影响,最终评估意蜂蜂群及个体对这两种油茶花朵气味的选择性。【结果】大田试验12:00-13:00时间段,访问胜利油菜的意蜂数量显著高于访问马尾油菜的数量(P<0.05）。群体气味偏爱性试验14:00-15:00时间段意蜂访问胜利油菜的数量显著高于访问马尾油菜的数量（P<0.05）。行为反应试验结果显示意蜂选择胜利油菜的次数（3.86±2.83）显著高于访问马尾油菜的次数（2.28±1.87）（P<0.05）。在学习记忆试验中,随着训练次数的增加,意蜂对两种油菜花朵气味的喙伸反应率逐渐升高,相同的训练次数,意蜂对两种油菜气味的学习能力差异不显著（P>0.05）;训练结束后,随着时间的增加,意蜂对胜利油菜及马尾油菜的气味记忆逐渐下降,在24 h对胜利油菜的气味记忆明显高于对马尾油菜的气味记忆（P<0.05）。【结论】本研究证明意蜂较偏爱胜利油菜的花朵气味,花朵气味是影响其采集偏爱的重要因素,气味响应性试验可定量分析蜜蜂对花朵气味的嗅觉敏感性。     

胸膜肺炎放线杆菌萘啶酸抗性菌株的选育和信号标签突变株的构建

胸膜肺炎放线杆菌(APP)是重要的猪呼吸道病原菌,给世界养猪业造成严重的经济损失.信号标签突变(STM)技术是在宿主动物体内鉴定病原菌毒力因子的高通量方法.通过体外传代选育出APP血清1型和3型萘啶酸抗性菌株,再以萘啶酸抗性菌株为受体菌,以携带mini-Tn10的标签质粒(pLOF/TAG1-48)的E.coli CC118 λ pir或S17-1λpir为供体菌,在或不在E.coli DH5α(pRK2073)的辅助下,进行三亲本或两亲本接合,通过抗性筛选、PCR和Southern杂交鉴定转座突变株.结果表明:体外萘啶酸加压传代很容易选育出萘啶酸抗性APP菌株,该抗性的产生与DNA促旋酶A亚基基因gyrA的突变有关.在APP与E. coli接合实验中,两亲本接合比三亲本接合操作更简单,效率也较高;APP不同菌株在接合和转座效率上存在很大差异,血清1型菌株高于血清3型菌株,3型标准菌株高于地方分离株JL03-R.本研究为APP STM突变体库的构建与毒力基因的鉴定奠定了基础.     

A Novel Method of Object Detection from a Moving Camera Based on Image Matching and Frame Coupling

A new method based on image matching and frame coupling to handle the problems of object detection caused by a moving camera and object motion is presented in this paper. First, feature points are extracted from each frame. Then, motion parameters can be obtained. Sub-images are extracted from the corresponding frame via these motion parameters. Furthermore, a novel searching method for potential orientations improves efficiency and accuracy. Finally, a method based on frame coupling is adopted, which improves the accuracy of object detection. The results demonstrate the effectiveness and feasibility of our proposed method for a moving object with changing posture and with a moving camera.     

Anti-Peroxynitrite Treatment Ameliorated Vasorelaxation of Resistance Arteries in Aging Rats: Involvement with NO-sGC-cGKs Pathway

Declined vasorelaxation function in aging resistance arteries is responsible for aging-related multiple organ dysfunctions. The aim of the present study is to explore the role of peroxynitrite (ONOO^-) in aging resistance arterial vasorelaxation dysfunction and the possible mechanism. In the present study, young (3–4 months olds) and aging (20 months olds) male SD rats were randomized to receive vehicle (Saline) or FeTMPyP (ONOO^- scavenger) for 2 weeks. The vasorelaxation of resistance arteries was determined in vitro; NOx level was tested by a colorimetric assay; the expression of nitrotyrosine (NT), soluble Guanylate Cyclase (sGC), vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein (VASP), phosphorylated VASP (P-VASP) and cGMP in resistance arteries were detected by immunohistochemical staining. In the present study, endothelium-dependent dilation in aging resistance arteries was lower than in those from young rats (young vs. aging: 68.0%±4.5% vs. 50.4%±2.9%, P<0.01). And the endothelium-independent dilation remained constant. Compared with young rats, aging increased nitrative stress in resistance arteries, evidenced by elevated NOx production in serum (5.3±1.0 nmol/ml vs. 3.3±1.4 nmol/ml, P<0.05) and increased NT expression (P<0.05). ONOO^- was responsible for the vasorelaxation dysfunction, evidenced by normalized vasorelaxation after inhibit ONOO^- or its sources (P<0.05) and suppressed NT expression after FeTMPyP treatment (P<0.05). The expression of sGC was not significantly different between young and aging resistance arteries, but the cGMP level and P-VASP/VASP ratio (biochemical marker of NO-sGC-cGKs signaling) decreased, which was reversed by FeTMPyP treatment in vivo (P<0.05). The present study suggested that ONOO^- mediated the decline of endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation of aging resistance arteries by induction of the NO-sGC-cGKs pathway dysfunction.